Nutrition Lecture Flashcards
(46 cards)
what are some
physiological factors that affect nutrition
- get and prepare food
- knowledge
- swallowing ability
- comfort before and after eating
- anorexia
- N&V
- low nutrient but dense calories foods make more hungry
list factors that affect
our ability to ingest nutrients
- GI: inflammation, obstruction, malabsorption, immobility
- Diabetes
define
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
number of calories our body burn as it performs basic functions
name some factors that can
increase & decrease our basal metabolic rate
- Increase: more muscle mass, increased exercise, hyperthyroidsm, stress
- Decrease: eating less food, increase in age, lack of sleep, hypothyroidsm
how do
female vs. male BMR
Males have higher BMR
decreased testosterone with age, leading to less muscle mass
be careful giving Fe supplements to older men as they can’t excrete properly
Between pregnant and lactating women which requires more nutrients
breastfeeding women require more nutrients
Assessment questions to ask for
subjective data
- current and past health history
- intake info
- weight history
- medications
- other info
Assessment questions to ask for
objective data
- Observations
- anthropometric measurements
- calorie count
- swallowing evaluation if required
- diagnostic tests and procedures
what are cholesterol and triglycerides lab tests indication of
heart disease
core problem from excessive sugar intake
creatinine lab tells you what
kidney fxn where it breaks down creatine in the muscles
high lvls means decreased kidney fxn
GIVE me the NUMBER
level of albumin that would mean nutritional deficits
low albumin means what
< 3.5 g/dL
not enough protein in the blood plasma
can be due to kidney or liver disease, inflammation, or infections
carbohydrates: ? cal/g
Give a NUMBER
4 cal/g
carbs should be what percentage of your daily diet
major food sources?
47%
milk, grains, fruits, vegetables
protein: ? cal/g
Give a NUMBER
4 cal/g
list some functions of protein
inadequate protein means what to other nutrients
- energy
- build & repair tissue
- regulate fluid & acid/base balance
- produce antibodies, enzymes, hormones
severe wasting of fat and muscle tissue
fats: ? cal/g
9 cal/g
list some functions of fats
- store energy
- allow absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
- sensory appeal & flavor
what that vitamin do
metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbs
regulate body functions
List the fat-soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
deficiency of vitamin A
functions
night blindness
dry skin infection
anorexia????
eye irritation
cell growth, healthy skin & hair & tissue, vision in dim light
sources of vitamin A foods
dark green and yellow vegetables & yellow fruits
deficiency in vitamin D
function
rickets (in kids - bow legs)
muscle weakeness
osteomalacia (bones soften)
absorption of Ca
source of vitamin D foods
fortified milk, cheese
eggs
liver
salmon
fortified margarine
deficiency in vitamin E
function
neurologic deficits
antioxidant to fight free radicals
