Elimination

Question 1

which 3 sets of muscles prevent incontinence

Answer 1

urethra
internal sphincter
pelvic floor muscles with external sphincter

Question 2

how does the amount of urine produced change with age

Answer 2

decrease with age

Question 3

how does high sodium foods affect urine production

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

where are vitamin K produced

Answer 4

large intestine

Question 5

which foods increases the likelihood of diarrhea

Answer 5

alcohol
caffeinated stuff
dairy
high fat foods
fructose in beverages
spicy foods
apples, peaches, pears
contain sweeteners

Question 6

stress incontinence

Answer 6

coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical activity increases pressure on the bladder

Question 7

reflex incontinence

Answer 7

nerve damage

Question 8

overflow incontinence

Answer 8

incomplete bladder emptying -> overfilling when full

Question 9

functional incontinence

Answer 9

physical inability to reach the toilet in time

Question 10

urge incontinence

Answer 10

urge to eliminate but leaks before doing so

Question 11

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 11

nighttime bedwetting

Question 12

why are males more likely to develop urinary retention

Answer 12

enlarged prostate

Question 13

symptoms with urinary retension

Answer 13

difficulty urinating
pain
abdominal distension
weak or slow urine stream
urinary leakage

Question 14

what procedure is done to look inside the urethra and bladder

Answer 14

cystoscopy

Question 15

constipation is defined as

Answer 15

less than 3 BM per week; with hard, lumpy, difficult to pass stools

Question 16

diarrhea symptoms that require follow up

Answer 16

fever of 102F or higher, lasting longer than 2 days or 6 BM/day, abdominal pain, blood/black feces

Question 17

what is bowel incontinence reffered to as in children

Answer 17

encopresis

Question 18

kidney infection is called what from UTI

Answer 18

pyelonephritis

Question 19

manifestations of kidney stones

Answer 19

sharp pain
bloody urine
urinary frequency
painful, burning urination
fever, chills, nausea, vomiting

Question 20

kidney failure is defined as

Answer 20

loss of 15% of expected kidney function

Question 21

signs of kidney failure

Answer 21

reduced urine output
joint pain
increased BP
heart disease
anemia
itching

Question 22

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 22

abdominal pain and changes to BM patterns - diarrhea or constipation

Question 23

ulcerative colitis (UC)

Answer 23

inflammation and ulcerations of the large intestine or colon

Question 24

Crohn’s disease

Answer 24

inflammation of the GI tract mostly small intestine

Question 25

nephrostomy

Answer 25

drains urine directly from the kidney to an external pouch; temporary, removed once kidneys heal

Question 26

neobladder

Answer 26

new bladder made from a small piece of bowel

Question 27

continent cutaneous reservoir

Answer 27

attached to abdomen and requires catheter

Question 28

cystostomy

Answer 28

more invasive; catheter in bladder

Question 29

J-pouch

Answer 29

pouch with ileum; with ileostomy until healed

Question 30

kock pouch

Answer 30

continent(controlable) ileostomy system;catheter required to empty

Question 31

uroflowmetry

Answer 31

measures urine speed and volume

Question 32

postvoid residual measurement

Answer 32

urine left in bladder after voiding

Question 33

cystometric test

Answer 33

bladder capacity

Question 34

leak point pressure measurement

Answer 34

bladder pressure when starting to leak

Question 35

electromyography

Answer 35

calculates electrical impulses of nerves and muscles of bladder and sphincters

Question 36

video urodynamic test

Answer 36

picture and video of bladder when filling and emptying

Question 37

cystoscopy

Answer 37

view lining of urethra and bladder

Question 38

ureteroscopy

Answer 38

view lining of ureters and kidneys

Question 39

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Answer 39

pancreatic and bile duct issues such as gallstones, infections, pancreatitis, pancreatic masses

Question 40

lower GI series

Answer 40

bleeding, change in BM habits, chronic diarrhea, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, diverticula, fistulas, polyps

Question 41

upper GI series

Answer 41

nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, hernias, unexplained weight loss

Question 42

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

Answer 42

is there blood in stool

Question 43

what to avoid eating while doing FOBT

Answer 43

red meat, broccoli, turnip greens, ibuprofen, aspirin, vitamin C

Question 44

goal of bladder irrigation

Answer 44

remove/prevent clots in bladder; shouldn't be a painful procedure

Question 45

goal of nasogastric tubes (NG)

Answer 45

into nostril to stomach to remove contents and decompress area

Question 46

dysuria

Answer 46

painful urination

Question 47

polyuria

Answer 47

high volume urination

Question 48

oliguria

Answer 48

very little urine

Question 49

pyuria

Answer 49

pus in urine

Question 50

diuresis

Answer 50

lots of urine