Mobility Flashcards
(57 cards)
cartilage
flexible C.T that coats bony areas, allows gliding and absorbs shock
tendon
nonflexible fibrous C.T that attaches muscle to bone
ligament
flexible C.T that attaches bone to bone
3 main functions of skeletal muscle
movement
posture and positioning
generate body heat
5 functions of the skeletal system
support
protect
produce: red bone marrow
storage: Ca, P, Mg, Fe, lipids
movement
proprioception
feedback from sensory receptors to coordinate, balance, and fine-tune body positioning and movement
synovial joints
fluid-filled capsules that connect bones and enable movement
body mechanics
musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain posture, alignment, and balance
where is the center of gravity while standing
just below the umbilicus
how does center of gravity change to improve stability and balance
lower and closest to the base; spreading the feet shoulder-width and flexing the knees
ergonomics
study of body mechanics in relation to the demand and design of the work environment
3 risk factors at work
practice controls: lighting, noise, exposure to heat/cold
physical characteristics: posture, repetition, time
environmental hazards: mental/physical stress, falls, slips
disuse osteoporosis; what does it lead to
bones become thinner and weaker due to prolonged bed rest; leads to fragility fractures
sarcopenia; affects where first
loss of lean muscle mass; twitch fibers in voluntary muscles; affects lower extremities first; affected by aging
joint contractures
abnormal fixation of a joint due to changes in muscles and connective tissue
foot drop
joint contracture resulting in partial or total inability to pull the toes up toward the head (dorsiflexion)
how many days of bedrest before structures start to change
4 days
cardiac deconditioning
atrophy of the heart muscle: less blood being ejected during contraction
orthostatic hypotension guidelines
decrease in systolic 20mmHg or more;
decrease in diastolic 10mmHg or more within 3 mins of changing positions
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
blood clot (thrombus) develops in one or more of the deep veins, usually in arms, pelvis, thighs, or lower legs
DVT could lead to which 3 conditions
pulmonary embolism
stroke (cerebrovascular accident)
myocardial infarction
what can occur from shallow breathing due to long term supine position
atelectasis: partial or complete collapse of lung
pneumonia: infection
how are GI tracts affected by prolonged bed rest
malnutrition
decreased sensation for bowel movement-> constipation
gastroesophageal reflux
how are genitourinary system affected by prolonged bed rest
urinary retention
renal calculi due to incomplete drainage of the kidneys; leading to UTI
