sleep & rest

Question 1

difference between rest vs. sleep

Answer 1

sleep: altered consciousness; less aware and responsive; whole body
rest: decreased motor/cognitive response; parts of body

Question 2

stages of sleep from start to finish

Answer 2

NREM 1-4
then 3-2
REM
NREM 2

Question 3

stage 1 NREM

Answer 3

super light sleep
eye movement & muscle activity slow

Question 4

stage 2 NREM

Answer 4

prepare for deeper sleep
brain waves slow with bursts of activity - sleep spindles
brief delta waves (k-complex)

Question 5

stage 3 NREM

Answer 5

slow-wave sleep/deep sleep; DELTA waves
tissue repair, gorwth, release hormones etc. healthy immune

Question 6

REM sleep

Answer 6

muscles paralyzed during dreams;
heart rate & BP increase
for cognitive fxn, memory consolidation, emotional regulation, learning (more brain activity)

Question 7

serotonin function in sleep

Answer 7

decrease reticular activating system (RAS) to allow sleep

Question 8

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 8

process sensory info and relays to cerebral cortex and decides we sleep or not;
circadian clock; what to focus on/what’s important

Question 9

melatonin

Answer 9

help control circadian rhythms
less in elderly

Question 10

foods that promote sleep

Answer 10

complex carbs
lean proteins

Question 11

medications that interferes with sleep

Answer 11

beta blockers (antidysrhythmics) -> insomnia
anti-depressants -> insomnia
corticosteroids -> insomnia
antihistamins -> disrupt REM, next day drowsiness, more awakenings
stimulants/sedatives
alcohol

Question 12

insomnia is defined as

Answer 12

difficulty sleeping or staying asleep

Question 13

narcolepsy is defined as

Answer 13

short, can’t not fall asleep suddenly when awake at frequent intervals
amphetimines & stimulants to stay awake

Question 14

symptoms of narcolepsy

Answer 14

hypnagogic hallucinations: vivid
cataplexy: sudden loss of muscle control
sleep paralysis
REM periods quicker than normal

Question 15

sleep apnea types

Answer 15

obstructive
central
mix

Question 16

what is somnambulism

Answer 16

sleep walking

Question 17

what is enuresis

Answer 17

nocturnal bed wetting

Question 18

what is bruxism

Answer 18

grind teeth

Question 19

pavor nocturnes

Answer 19

sleep terror; panic

Question 20

jactatio capitis nocturna

Answer 20

rhythmic head banging

Question 21

sedative vs. hypnotic

Answer 21

sedative: reduce nervousness, irritability, etc
hypnotic: induce sleep

Question 22

abruptly stopping barbiturates would cause what

Answer 22

rebound insomnia

Question 23

top cause of short-term sleep distrubance

Answer 23

emotional stress

Question 24

most important factor to be aware of for someone that sleep walks

Answer 24

install gates to block them

Question 25

most common manisfestation of narcolepsy is

Answer 25

excessive daytime sleepiness

Question 26

what are some symptoms of sleep deprivation

Answer 26

slow reflexes loss of fine motor control blurred vision cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 27

obstructive sleep apnea cause

Answer 27

oral structures relax during sleep and block the flow of air;

Question 28

central sleep apnea cause

Answer 28

reduction in brain signal to respiratory muscles

Question 29

cerebral cortex function

Answer 29

learning, memory, language; injurty causes difficulty expressing

Question 30

diencephalon includes what 3 parts

Answer 30

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Question 31

hypothalamus vs. thalamus

Answer 31

hypothalamus: regulate autonomic nervous system & circadian rhythm thalamus: regulates sleep and process sensory info; block out external distractions during sleep

Question 32

sleep-wake homeostasis

Answer 32

helps the body to remember to sleep depending on sleep deprivation

Question 33

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) function and locale

Answer 33

in the hypothalamus and responsible for circadian rhythm

Question 34

brainstem function

Answer 34

autonomic stuff; influence REM sleep signals to relax muscles and not move during sleep

Question 35

pineal gland function

Answer 35

produce melatonin

Question 36

alpha vs. beta waves from EEG

Answer 36

alpha: awake but relaxed beta: alertness

Question 37

wake stage has which waves

Answer 37

alpha & beta

Question 38

which stage of sleep takes most of the night

Answer 38

stage 2 NREM takes 50% as it gets longer with each cycle

Question 39

how does stage 3 NREM sleep & REM stage change with age

Answer 39

Stage 3 decreases and get replaced by stage 2 fewer stage 4 REM cycles

Question 40

REM sleep has which waves

Answer 40

beta waves

Question 41

rank the percentage of sleep stage from most to least

Answer 41

stage 2 < stage 4REM < stage 3 < stage 1

Question 42

infants less than 3 months old mostly consist of which sleep cycle

Answer 42

REM stage 50%

Question 43

apnea vs. hypopnea

Answer 43

diff of 10 secs hypopnea is longer than 10 secs and decreased O2 sat

Question 44

narcolepsy type 1 vs. 2

Answer 44

1: with cataplexy - lack hypocretin (maintian alertness in hypothalamus) 2: without cataplexy

Question 45

what is hypersomnia

Answer 45

excessive daytime fatigue w/o improvement after sleep

Question 46

how is obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed

Answer 46

polysomnography

Question 47

common cause of obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 47

opioid overdose heart failure

Question 48

what happens if you wake someone up during stage 3 NREM sleep

Answer 48

cloudiness for 30-60mins

Question 49

side effects of OTC sleep medications

Answer 49

urinary retention daytime drowsiness dry mouth visual disturbances constipation

Question 50

ghrelin vs. leptin hormone

Answer 50

ghrelin: hungry leptin: hunger-reducing

Question 51

side effect of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics

Answer 51

hallucinations gastric discomfort

Question 52

hypocretin function

Answer 52

promote REM sleep; secreted by hypothalamus