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Metazoans Flashcards

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1
Q

Egg ingestion

A

EAT
E. vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris Truichira (whipworm)

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2
Q

Cutaneous entry

A

Feet on the SANd
Strongyloides
Anycylostoma
Necator

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3
Q

Lung involvement

A

don’t want SANd in lungs
Strongyloides
Ascaris
Necator

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4
Q

No lung/swollow/tissue invasion (No inc eosinophils)

A

E. vermicularis

Trichuris trichiuris

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5
Q

Inc eosinophils

A

strongyloides, Trichinosis, Toxecara

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6
Q

Most common helminth infection in USA

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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7
Q

Urban daycare

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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8
Q

how do you dx Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

A

scotch tape test for eggs

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9
Q

how do you tx Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

A

2x pyrental pamoate (whole family) + change sheets

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10
Q

on microscopy you see eggs flattened on one side

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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11
Q

life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

A

ingested eggs –> small intestine larvae emerge –>mature and adults in cecum & ascending L intestine –> scratch perianal area –> hand mouth reinfection

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12
Q

perianal irritation @ night + GI problems

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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13
Q

Malnourished poor person in the tropics comes in w/ bloody diarrhea & prolapsed rectum

A

T trichiuris (whipworm)

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14
Q

how do you dx T trichiuris (whipworm)

A

eggs in stool

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15
Q

how do you tx T trichiuris (whipworm)

A

bendazole + re-treatment

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16
Q

life cycle of T trichiuris (whipworm)

A

(slow) eggs ingested –> small intestine where larvae emerge –> become adult in cecum –> thousands of eggs per day –> binary fission occurs in soil and can then reinfect

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17
Q

on microscopy you see football shaped eggs w/ bipolar plugs

A

T trichiuris (whipworm)

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18
Q

pt in SE USA comes in w/ lung involvement, endocarditis & peripheral eosinophelia

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

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19
Q

how do you dx Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

eggs VISIBLE in stool

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20
Q

how do you treat Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

pyrantel pamoate + mebendazole (resistant to disinfectants

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21
Q

on microscopy you see eggs w/ irregular coating and a 30 cm long worm

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

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22
Q

What is the life cycle of Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

egs ingested –> larvae in small intestine –> enter lymphatics and get to the lung, coughed and swallowed –> survive as adults in intestine for 1-2 yrs and produce 200K eggs daily…. requires to be in soil to be infectious

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23
Q

ball of worms in intestine

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

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24
Q

how do you prevent Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

proper sewage and washing hands

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25
person eats raw pork/dear/bear and gets fever, muscle ache w/ eosinophilia
Trichinella Spiralis
26
how do you dx Trichinella Spiralis
Hx of eating meat, high eos, high CPK, cysts in skeletal muscle
27
how do you prevent Trichinella Spiralis
cook your meat
28
find cysts in tissue
Trichinella Spiralis
29
life cycle of Trichinella Spiralis
eat poorly cooked meat w/ encysted larvae --> small intestine where adults mate --> males excreted, females into circulation and skeletal muscle
30
What is the MCC of childhood anemia world wide
Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)
31
where is Necater americanus hookworm found
america, africa, australia, & S asia
32
where is Ancylostoma duodenal hookworm found
mediterranean + N asia
33
how do you dx Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)
eggs in stool
34
how do you treat Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)
mebendezole, wear shoes, sanitation, tx carriers
35
life cycle of Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)
larvae penetrate feet --> lungs --> intestine --> grasp onto intestinal villi and eat tissue -migratory w/ inflammation & eosinophilia
36
how does Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenal) cause anemia
larvae make anticoagulant and eating intestinal tissue causes bleeding
37
creeping eruption
think Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)
38
on microscopy there are eggs w/ clear outer shell and adults w/ teeth
Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)
39
Purpuric papule (skin) + loeffler's syndrome (lung eosinophilic pneumonitis) + pain/diarrhea (intestinal) in IC pt
Strongyloides stercoralis
40
how do you dx Strongyloides stercoralis
larvae in stool + sputum
41
how do you tx Strongyloides stercoralis
Ivermectin and Albendazole
42
life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis
larvae infect from soil --> penetrate skin enter circulatory system --> lung vomit/swollow --> intestine auto infect (IC) or larvae excreted -Eggs not in feces
43
Dog or cat
Toxecara canis/cati
44
life cycle of Toxecara canis/cati
eggs from dog/cat roundworm ingested --> circulation --> lung liver& eyes--> inflammatory necrosis
45
asymptomatic eosinophilia w/ granulomas and possible blindness
Toxecara canis/cati
46
what kind of host is the human when infected w/ Toxecara canis/cati
accidental host (dead-end)
47
how do you tx Toxecara canis/cati
diethylcarbamazine
48
elephantitis
Wuchereria Bancrofti
49
how do you dx Wuchereria Bancrofti
blood microfilaria @ night
50
how do you tx Wuchereria Bancrofti
diethylcarbamazine and steroids
51
what is the life cycle of Wuchereria Bancrofti
microfilariae transmitted by mosquito --> lymph nodes/vessels --> inflammation & blockage of lymphatic system --> elephantitis
52
blackfly
Oncocerca Volvulus
53
how do you dx Oncocerca Volvulus
microfilaria in superficial skin clips
54
how do you tx Oncocerca Volvulus
Ivermectin
55
what is the life cycle of Oncocerca Volvulus
black fly infects human --> microfilariae mature and mate in skin -->die and cause inflammation & black skin nodules/intraepithelial granulomas or travel to eye and cause blindness
56
blind person with black skin nodules in africa or central america
Oncocerca Volvulus (black fly; black skin nodules, black sight)
57
how do you dx Schistosoma
hx, egg ID in urine or feces
58
how do you tx Schistosoma
praziquantel + snail control
59
what is the intermediate host of Schistosoma
snails
60
what is the life cycle of Schistosoma
eggs hatch in freshwater and swim to snails --> larvae released and infect human (skin to portal blood) then go to either intestine (mansoni, japonicum) or bladder (Hematobium) --> excreted in urine/feces
61
eosinophilia, dermatitis, portal HTN, hepatosplenomegaly
Schistosoma Mansoni & Schistosoma Japonicum
62
gladder grnulomas, TERMINAL HEMATURIA, bladder cancer
Schistosoma hematobium
63
what are the 3 trematodes
Schistosoma, clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke), & pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)
64
eat undercooked fish in asia, inflammation of liver/biliarytract --> pigmented stones + cholangiocarcinoma
clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)
65
life cycle of clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)
freshwater eggs to snails --> infect fish --> humans eat metacercariae
66
leaf-like on microscopy
clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)
67
how do you dx clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)
eggs in feces
68
how do you tx clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)
praziquantel
69
eats undercooked crab & starts coughing up blood
pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)
70
how do you dx pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)
eggs in sputum
71
how do you tx pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)
praziquantel
72
what is the lifecycle of pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)
freshwater eggs, larvae swim to snail and infect crab --> metacercariae eaten by human
73
what are the 3 cestodes
Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef), Diphyllobothrium latum, Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid cyst dz)
74
young man w/ seizures in mexico, india, or africa
Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)
75
how do you dx Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)
eggs in proglottidis / stool
76
swiss cheese brain
Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)
77
how do you tx Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)
praziquantel | cook beef/pork & inspection
78
Life cycle of Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)
ingest larvae in undercooked pork/beef --> tapeworm attaches to mucosa via scolex --> eggs excreted in feces --> pigs/cattle graze on soil and eat egg-infected feces
79
what happens if humans ingest the eggs of Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef) instead of the larvae
cysticercosis (swiss cheese brain) headaches and seizures
80
B12 deficiency + anemia after eating raw fish
Diphyllobothrium latum
81
how do you dx Diphyllobothrium latum
hx + eggs in stool
82
see a very large tape worm on microscopy and looks like a fish
Diphyllobothrium latum
83
life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum
eggs in water convert to motile larva -->ingested by crustacean --> fish --> human
84
sheep herding
Echinococcus granulosus
85
how do you dx Echinococcus granulosus
hx + serology + eosinophilia
86
how do you tx Echinococcus granulosus
surgery (cyst) + mebendazole
87
small tapeworm on microscopy
Echinococcus granulosus
88
life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus
dog ingests cysts and eggs are excreted --> sheep ingest eggs Humans are dead end host that ingest eggs released by dogs --> circulation --> liver and brain
89
hydatid cyst
Echinococcus granulosus
90
slow growing cysts, jaundice, inc ICP in a pt from spain
Echinococcus granulosus

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