Robbins ch 7 Flashcards
(81 cards)
what aspects of climate change causes increases in CV, cerebrovascular, and respiratory dz
heat waves & pollution
contaminated/disrupted water supplies (flood, heavy rain, environmental disaster) increase the the incidence of ….
gastroenteritis, cholera, other food/water-borne infectious dz
inc temperature, crop failures and other extreme weather cause an increase in what type of dz
vector borne infectious dz (b/c inc vector numbers)
Increased temperatures can destroy crops. what is the effect of this and where is it most likely to occur?
Malnutrition, tropical regions
which countries yield the heaviest burden of climate change
developing countries
what defines a poison
everything can be a poison at the right dose
What is a xenobiotic
an exogenous chemical in the environment
What are phase I reactions
hydrolysis, oxidation, or reduction
What are phase II reactions
conjugation
What is CCl4 converted to in the body and what does it cause
converted to trichloromethyl free radical and causes fatty change in the liver (THINK DRY CLEANER)
What chemical from cigarette smoke can be metabolized into a DNA binding molecule
Benzo[a]pyrene
which 6 chemicals produce smog
SO2, CO, O3, NO2, Pb, particulate matter
What is released by burning coal and oil
sulfur dioxide, particles, & acid aerosols
what is the main cause of morbidity and mortality when burning coal and oil
the particles
How is CO produced
incomplete oxidation during burning
what are 4 characteristics of CO
non-irritating, colorless, odorless, tasteless
What are 3 things you should think of when you hear CO
working in tunnels, underground garages, or suicide
which has a higher affinity for Hb: CO or O2? and by how much
CO has 200X more affinity to Hb than O2
What happens to the blood gases when you have CO tox
dec O2 sat; arterial partial pressure of O2 stays the same
what is the progression of CO tox
hypoxia–>eventual death
20-30% of Hb saturated w/ CO = systemic hypoxia
60-70% of Hb saturated w/ CO = comma and death
what regions of the brain are most susceptible to damage of long term CO exposure
basal ganglia and striatum
Cherry-red discoloration of skin and mucus membranes
Acute CO tox
if death by CO happens slowly what would you see on autopsy
slightly edematous brain w/punctate hemorrhages, hypoxia induced neuronal changes … (these are aspects of systemic hypoxia)
What is the most common pollutant
Tobacco smoke
