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Protozoa Flashcards

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1
Q

describe protozoa

A

single-celled eukaryotic organisms

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2
Q

What is the STD parasite

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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3
Q

how do you dx trichomonas vaginalis

A

PCR + trophozoite in discharge

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4
Q

What is the tx for trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole for pt & partner

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5
Q

What is the life cycle of trichomonas vaginalis

A

human genital tract–> REPLICATES BY BINARY FISION –> transmitted via sexual contact

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6
Q

frothy greenish discharge

A

T. vaginalis

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7
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

T. vaginalis

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8
Q

Twitching trophozite

A

T. vaginalis

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9
Q

on microscopy you see a trophozoite w/ undulating membrane, 4 anterior flagella and single nucleus

A

T. vaginalis

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10
Q

MC cause of Amebic dysentary

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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11
Q

How do you dx Entamoeba Histolytica

A

Cysts in stool, serology, Ameba antigen + PCR

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12
Q

How do you tx Entamoeba histolytica

A

Metronidazole (but doesn’t clear it)

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13
Q

Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica

A

fecal-oral –> excitation back to trophozoite in small intestine –> migrate to large intestine

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of presentations for entamoeba histolytica and how do they present

A
  1. Asyptomatic: trophozoites produce cysts that live outside the body
  2. Intestinal dz: “flask shaped” abscesses in L intestine –> bloody dysentary
  3. Liver dz: gets to portal circulation –> liver abscesses w/ anchovy paste aspirate
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15
Q

anchove paste aspirate in liver

A

Entamoeba histolytica (w/ liver dz)

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16
Q

Flask shaped ulcers in intestine

A

Entamoeba histolytica (w/ intestinal dz)

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17
Q

rounded elevated mucosa of intestine w/ necrotic centers and edematous tissue

A

describes flask shaped ulcers in Entamoeba histolytica

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18
Q

on microscopy you see a single nucleus trophozoite w/ ingested RBC

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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19
Q

You suspect a parasite and the pt has RUQ pain and dysentary

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

What are the 3 parasites that cause intestinal issues

A

Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, & Cryptosporidium

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21
Q

daycare worker w/ low nutrients, uncontrollable flatulence, bloating, foul-smelling steatorrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

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22
Q

Camper w/ low nutrients, uncontrollable flatulence, bloating, foul-smelling steatorrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

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23
Q

Life cycle of giardia?

A

cysts in water ingested by camper –> trophozoite multiply by BINARY FISION –> excitation –> move to colon and cover and flatten intestinal epithelium (no absorption -> diarrhea)

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24
Q

on microscopy you see a trophozoite w/ 2 nuclei, symmetrical axostyles, & suction discs

A

Giardia lamblia

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25
on microscopy you see a cyst w/ 4 nuclei and a well defined wall
Giardia lamblia
26
how do you dx giardia lamblia
symptoms + cysts/trophs in stool
27
how do you tx giardia
metronidazole
28
What do you think of when you hear someone gets sick after swimming at a waterpark or reservoir
Cryptosporidium
29
who is most likely to get infected with cryptosporidium
the IC
30
What would an HIV pt w/ cryptosporidium present w/
ascending cholangitis
31
Milwalkee
cryptosporidium
32
How do you dx cryptosporidium
Serology
33
how do you tx cryptosporidium
Nitazoxanide
34
what is the life cycle of cryptosporidium
infectious oocyst releases sporozoites into gastric epithelium which differentiate into merozoites (asexually). these differentiate into gametes which fuze into a zygote which make oocysts
35
Acid fast oocyst
cryptosporidium
36
IC pt w/ watery diarrhea +/- gallbladder, biliary tract, & lung dz
Cryptosporidium
37
how do you estimate the severity of cryptosporidium infection in an immunocompetent pt
ingested oocysts correlates w/ severity of diarrhea
38
how do you dx toxoplasma gondii infection
serology | CT for congenital toxoplasmosis
39
what is the tx for toxoplasma gondii
Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine
40
what is the definite host of toxoplasma gondii
cat
41
what is the intermediate host of toxoplasma gondii
human
42
what is the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii
sexually divides in cats --> injest cysts from UNCOOKED MEAT & CAT FECES
43
ring enhancing lesions (brain abscess)
HIV pt w/ toxoplasma gondii
44
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, & intracranial calcifications
classic triad for congenital toxoplasmosis
45
acute rapid deterioration w/in 1 week of swimming in fresh water
Naegleria Fowleri
46
what is the most rapidly fatal cause of meningoencephalitis
Naegleria Fowleri
47
how do you dx Naegleria Fowleri
amoebas in CSF
48
Nedipots
Naegleria Fowleri
49
Divers
Naegleria Fowleri
50
what is the life cycle of Naegleria Fowleri
swimming then the flagellated form enters via cribriform plate to brain
51
primary amebic meningoencephalitis
Naegleria Fowleri
52
suspect bacterial CSF (dec glu, inc protein, inc PMN), but does not gram stain
Naegleria Fowleri
53
Eye infection w/ someone who wears contacts
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
54
what is the tx for Acanthamoeba Keratitis
topical Rx + steroids
55
if someone has a bacterial infection of the eye and still wears contacts
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
56
what 2 forms of Tyrpanosoma Brucei are there and what location in the world are they associated w/
Gambiense (w. africa) | Rhodensiense (E. africa)
57
how do you dx Tyrpanosoma Brucei
card agglutination test
58
what is the tx for Tyrpanosoma Brucei
Blood stage: Suramin | CNS stage: Melarsoprol
59
Tsetse fly
Tyrpanosoma Brucei
60
Life cycle of Tyrpanosoma Brucei
tsetse fly bite --> trypomastigote spread in blood to lymph nodes + CNS
61
How does Tyrpanosoma Brucei become a recurrent problem
Antigenic variation (variable surface GPs)
62
what would you see on microscopy if infected w/ Tyrpanosoma Brucei
trypomastigote w/ kinetoplast + UNDULATING MEMBRANE
63
Chancre that heals in 2 wks, then develop LAD & fever, eventually causing coma and death
Tyrpanosoma Brucei
64
what is the hallmark of african sleeping sickness
Encephalitis
65
person in south america
Chagas dz T cruzi
66
What bug causes chagas
Reduviid bug
67
Life cycle of T cruzi
feeds on humans while sleeping, defecates while eating (releases Trypomastigotes) --> penetrates skin (forms chagoma) --> transform into amastigote --> replicate and infect
68
Unilateral facial swelling @ bite site
T cruzi (chagas)
69
Damage to nerve ganglia causing dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, and megaesophagus
T cruzi (chagas)
70
What are the 3 leishmania bugs and what do they cause
L. Donovani - visceral L Braziliensis - mucocutaneous L. Tropica - cutaneous
71
Veteran from afghanistan
Leishmania
72
How do you dx leishmania
serology and protozoa in liver/spleen
73
how do you tx leishmania
Sodium Sibogluconate
74
Life cycle of leishmania
Sand fly bites host --> Promastigote invades MACROPHAGE --> transforms into non-motile amastigote in RES system
75
ulcer @ site of infection that is self limiting
Cutaneous leishmania (L donovani)
76
ulcers lead to erosion of nasal septum palate and lips (mucoid tissue)
mucocutanious leishmania (L braziliensis)
77
Hepatomegaly, massive splenomegaly w/ pancytopenia
Kala Azar (visceral leishmania - L tropica)
78
How do you dx malaria
geimsa smear + immunochromatograph
79
cyclic Fever w/ chills and anemia, headache, splenomegaly
malaria
80
What is the worst form of malaria
falciparum
81
patient from thailand
mefloquine resistant malaria
82
Life cycle of Plasmodium
Anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites when feeding --> makes way to liver (start of pre-erythrocytic cycle)--> forms trophozoite which divides into thousands of schizonts and make merozoites which are released when the cell bursts--> infect RBC Merozoites become gametes and can be picked up with mosquito bite
83
fever on 1st and 3rd day
Vivax/ovale
84
fever on 1st and 4th day
Malariae
85
irregular pattern of fever btw 36-48 hrs
falciparum
86
what is a major feature of infected RBCs in falciparum malaria
Rosetting
87
What carries babesia
Ixodes tick (same as lyme dz)
88
on peripheral smear you see a maltese cross
babesia
89
Most commonly seen in NE USA
Babesia
90
fever, hemolytic anemia, asplenia
babesia
91
what is the tx for babesia
quinine, clindamycin

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