Micro 16 - Other Antibiotics

Question 1

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in Meningococcal meningitis?

Answer 1

Ciprofloxacin, Rifampin, Ceftriaxone.

Question 2

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in H. Influenzae meningitis?

Answer 2

Rifampin.

Question 3

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in Gonorrhea?

Answer 3

Ceftriaxone.

Question 4

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in Syphilis?

Answer 4

Benzathine Penicillin G.

Question 5

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in History of recurrent UTIs?

Answer 5

TMP-SMX, Nitrofurantoin, Amoxicillin, Cephalexin.

Question 6

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in Pneumocystis jiroveci?

Answer 6

TMP-SMX, if sulfa allergic, use aerosolized pentamidine, dapsone.

Question 7

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in endocarditis in patients which damaged valves or mechanical ones?

Answer 7

Penicillin, Amino-penicillins, Cephalexin.

Question 8

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in pregnant woman with GBS?

Answer 8

Ampicillin (during labor).

Question 9

What antimicrobial prophylaxis can be used in gonococcal or chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborn?

Answer 9

Erythromycin ointment.

Question 10

What are antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy?

Answer 10

Clarithromycin (embryotoxic), Sulfonamides (kernicterus), Aminoglycoside (Otoxicity), Fluoroquinolones (Cartilage damage), Metronidazole (Mutagenesis), Tetracylines (Discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth), Ribavirin (Teratogenic), Griseofulvin (Teratogenic).

Question 11

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Sulfonamides?

Answer 11

MOA: Inhibit dihydropterate synthetase. CU: G(+/-). AE: UTIs, GI infections, PCP. AE: Hypersensitivity, Kernicterus (late pregnancy), hemolysis, Steven-Johnson syndrome.

Question 12

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Trimethoprim?

Answer 12

MOA: Inihibit dihydrofolate reductase. CU: UTIs, GIs. AE: Anemia.

Question 13

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Nitrofurantoin?

Answer 13

MOA: Bacterial ribosomes, vague. CU: UTIs (can be used in Preg). AE: GI symptoms.

Question 14

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 14

MOA: Topoisomerase II. CU: G(-/+). UTIs, GIs, URI. AE: GIs, Cartilage, tendon dmg.

Question 15

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Metronidazole?

Answer 15

MOA: Toxic free radicals. CU: [GeT GAP on the Metro] Giardia, Trich, Gard, Anaerobes, H.pylori. AE: Disulfiram.

Question 16

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Penicilin?

Answer 16

MOA: Bind PBP. CU: G(+), Syphilis. AE: Hypersen.

Question 17

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin?

Answer 17

MOA: Bind PBP. CU: Staph aureus. AE: Hypersen.

Question 18

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Ampicillin, Amoxicilin.

Answer 18

MOA: Bind PBP. CU: G(+), [HEELPSS]: H.influenzae, E.coli,Enterococci,Listeria,Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella,Shigella. AE: Hypersens.

Question 19

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin?

Answer 19

MOA: Bind PBP, CU: G(+/-), Pseudomonas. AE: Hypersens.

Question 20

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Polymyxins.

Answer 20

MOA: Cationic detergent, cell membranes. CU: G(-). AE: Nephro, Neuro.

Question 21

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of 1st gen Cephalosporins?

Answer 21

MOA: Bind PBP. CU: G(+), [PEcK] Proteus mirabilis,E.coli,Klebsiella. AE: Hypersens, Nephrotox when used w/ aminoglycosides.

Question 22

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of 2nd gen Cephalosporins?

Answer 22

MOA: Bind PBP. CU: Less G(-), [HEN PEcK]: H.influenzae,Enterobacter,Neiserria,Serratia marcens. AE: Hypersens, Nephrotox when used w/ aminoglyco.

Question 23

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of 3rd gen cephalosporins?

Answer 23

MOA: Bind PBP. CU: Strep pneumo, Serious G(-), ceftazidime can be used for pseudomonas. AE: Hypersens, Nephrotox w/ aminoglyco.

Question 24

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of 4th gen Cephalosporins (cefepime)?

Answer 24

MOA: Bind PBP. CU: Broad spec, Pseudomonas. AE: Hypersens, Nephrotox w/ aminoglyco.

Question 25

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Aztreonam?

Answer 25

MOA: Bind PBP-3. CU: G(-) only. AE: Nontoxic.

Question 26

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Carbopenems: Imipenem-cilastatin, Meropenem?

Answer 26

MOA: Bind PBP. CU: Broad spec, Pseudomonas. AE: GI, neurotox, Skin rash.

Question 27

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Vancomycin.

Answer 27

MOA: Bind D-ala, D-ala. CU: MRSA, enterococci. AE: [NOT] Nephro Oto Tox, Thrombophlebitis.

Question 28

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Linezolid?

Answer 28

MOA: Bind 23s portion of 50s. CU: MRSA, VRE. AE: GIs, thrombocyto.

Question 29

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of tetracyclines?

Answer 29

MOA: Bind 30s. CU: [VACUUM The Bed Room] Vibrio cholera,Acne,Chlamydia,Ureoplasma Urolyticum,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Tuleremia,H.pylori,Borrelia burgdorferi,Rickettsia. AE: GIs, Tooth discolor, Inhib bone growth, photosensitivity.

Question 30

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of aminoglycosides?

Answer 30

MOA: Bind 30s. CU: Severe G(-). AE: [NOT] Nephro Oto tox, Teratogenic.

Question 31

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of macrolides?

Answer 31

MOA: Bind 23s of 50s. CU: [PUS] Pneumonia, URIs, STDs. AE: Prolonging QT interval.

Question 32

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Chloramphenicol?

Answer 32

MOA: Bind 50s. CU: meningitis. AE: Anemia, Gray baby.

Question 33

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Clindamycin?

Answer 33

MOA: bind 50s. CU: Anaerobic infection, MRSA (skin). AE: Pseudomembranous Colitis.

Question 34

What is the Mechanism of action (MOA), Clinical use (CU), and adverse effect (AE) of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin?

Answer 34

MOA: Bind 23s of 50s. CU: MRSA, VRE. AE: Hepatotox, althralgia, myalgias.

Question 35

What is the drug of choice of anthrax infection?

Answer 35

Ciprofloxacin.

Question 36

What drugs are effective against Pseudomonas?

Answer 36

Fluoroquinolones, extended spectrum penicillins, 3rd gen cephalosporins, cefepim, Aztreonam, aminoglycosides, polymixins.

Question 37

What is the mechanism of action of Polymyxins and its applications?

Answer 37

They are cationic detergents. Given in IV, they are last resort for resistant G(-) infections. Topically, they are used in many OTC antibiotic ointments. Toxicity includes neuron and renal damage.