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D2 Summer > Microbio Week 11 - Coronavirus (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Microbio Week 11 - Coronavirus (Exam 3) Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Which viruses are the only +ssRNA virus with a helical capsid?

A

Coronaviruses

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2
Q

Describe coronaviruses

A

+ssRNA
Helical
Enveloped

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3
Q

What can coronaviruses do that is unlike other RNA viruses?

A

Proofread when copying their RNA
Lower mutation rate

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4
Q

Can coronaviruses change by antigenic drift?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What do coronaviruses use to make changes in their genome?

A

Recombination

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6
Q

T/F: Hand sanitizer does NOT work on coronaviruses

A

FALSE, hand sanitizer works on coronaviruses since it is an enveloped virus

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7
Q

What coronaviruses cause the common cold?

A

HCoV

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8
Q

What does HCoV stand for?

A

Human coronavirus

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9
Q

Are HCoV infections local or generalized? What is the incubation time?

A

Local infection; short incubation time of 2-4 days

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10
Q

What virus is 1st in causing the common cold? What virus is 2nd?

A

1st = rhinovirus
2nd = HCoV

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11
Q

T/F: Immunity to HCoV is not entirely protective (wanes after time) and reinfection is common.

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: HCoV has seasonality in the summer months

A

FALSE, HCoV has seasonality in the winter months

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13
Q

What does SARS-CoV stand for?

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

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14
Q

There were almost no asymptomatic infections in which coronavirus?

A

SARS-CoV

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15
Q

The fatality rate was higher in which patients infected with SARS-CoV?

A

Older patients

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16
Q

How did SARS-CoV emerge?

A

Palm civet was infected with bat CoV in China

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17
Q

Why was the spread of SARS-CoV infection rapid and hard to control?

A

Super-spreaders

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18
Q

People able to infect a large number of people due to high virus loads and aerosolization of the virus

A

Super-spreaders

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19
Q

When were SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV better controlled?

A

Better diagnosis
Isolation of patient + their contacts

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20
Q

T/F: Asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic people did not spread SARS, which helped control its spread.

A

True

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21
Q

Which coronavirus has had multiple introductions to humans from camels, and infects some people every year in the Middle East?

A

MERS-CoV

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22
Q

What does MERS-CoV stand for?

A

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

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23
Q

T/F: Unlike SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV has mild and asymptomatic infections.

A

True

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24
Q

What does MERS-CoV infections cause?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Renal disease

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25
How is MERS-CoV spread?
Respiratory Hospital settings + household contact with infected people (most common)
26
T/F: Like SARS-CoV, there are super-spreaders that facilitate faster spread of MERS-CoV
True
27
The CFR for MERS-CoV is ______
high
28
What does SARS-CoV-2 resemble?
A bat coronavirus
29
What is the intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2?
Unknown
30
T/F: Unlike MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 has sustained community spread
True
31
T/F: Unlike SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 can spread from asymptomatic people before people show symptoms, making control of the outbreak much harder
True
32
Are there super-spreaders in SARS-CoV-2?
Yes! This is true for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as well
33
In SARS-CoV-2, the CFR is ________ the older the infected and with the existence of comorbidities. If hospitals are overrun, then CFR tends to go _________
higher; higher
34
What is the incubation time for SARS-CoV-2?
2-5 days, up to 12
35
Is SARS-CoV-2 systemic or local?
Both
36
T/F: Many people with post-COVID syndrome have lingering symptoms. For some, the symptoms get much better with time, while others seem to have symptoms lasting years
True
37
How many antivirals are used to treat SARS-CoV-2?
3
38
What else, besides antivirals, can be used to treat SARS-CoV-2?
Monoclonal ABs
39
What is Paxlovid used for?
Non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infections
40
What is Remdesivir used for?
Mild to severe SARS-CoV-2 infections
41
Paxlovid is a combination pill with how many components?
2
42
What are the 2 components in Paxlovid?
Protease inhibitor + component that keeps the level of inhibitor more steady
43
What does the protease inhibitor in Paxlovid work against?
The main protease of SARS-CoV-2
44
What 2 ways is Remdesivir given to patients?
IV injection In a nucleotide inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2's RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
45
Which SARS-CoV-2 antiviral is given early to prevent hospitalization or upon hospitalization?
Remdesivir
46
How are monoclonal antibodies given to patients?
IV injection
47
Do monoclonal antibodies work on the current SARS-CoV-2 variants?
NO
48
How many SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are available in the US?
3 (2 mRNA vaccines, 1 subunit vaccine)
49
What do the mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 encode?
Spike protein
50
Receptor-binding protein on the viral surface of SARS-CoV-2
Spike protein
51
What happens when the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA enters a cell?
Spike protein is made
52
What is the RNA encoded inside of in mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines?
Lipid or nanoparticle
53
What can some lipids and the RNA itself act as in mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines?
Act as an adjuvant
54
The mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines give what response with 2 doses?
Neutralizing AB response
55
Is a regular booster needed with the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines?
Yes
56
T/F: It is recommended that people get the vaccine even if they have previously had SARS- CoV-2 because It will boost their neutralizing antibodies/help protect against the changing strain of SARS-CoV-2
True
57
What is the newest SARS-CoV-2 vaccine?
A subunit vaccine from Novoxax
58
What does the subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine contain in addition to the spike protein?
An adjuvant
59
What is the only SARS-CoV-2 variant detected in the world right now?
Omicron
60
T/F: However, subvariants of omicron occur fairly regularly, supplanting the old omicron subvariants
True

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