Microbio Week 7 - Protozoans (Mini Exam)

Question 1

What is the definitive host of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium?

Answer 1

People

Question 2

Single-celled eukaryotic microbes; just a few are known human parasites

Answer 2

Protoza

Question 3

How were protozoans originally classified?

Answer 3

Motility

Question 4

What are the 4 classifications of protozoans?

Answer 4

1. Amoebas
2. Ciliates
3. Flagellates
4. Sporozoa

Question 5

What are the 2 flagellates we must know?

Answer 5

Giardia
Trichomonas

Question 6

Giardia and Trichomonas are classified as…

Answer 6

Flagellates

Question 7

What are the 3 sporozoans we must know?

Answer 7

Toxoplasma
Plasmodium
Cryptosporidium

Question 8

Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, and Cryptosporidium are classfied as…

Answer 8

Sporozoans

Question 9

Which form of Giardia is infectious: cyst or adult?

Answer 9

Cyst

Question 10

What is the most frequent cause of acute symptomatic parasite disease in the US and worldwide?

Answer 10

Giardia

Question 11

T/F: Giardia infection can be correlated with socioeconomic status

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

Giardia is an intracellular/extracellular parasite

Answer 12

Extracellular parasite

Question 13

Where does Giardia attach in the body?

Answer 13

Small intestine

Question 14

Giardia can parasitize a wide range of mammals (reservoir hosts). Name 3

Answer 14

Wild animals
Dogs
Cat

Question 15

Can you get Giardia infection from a dog?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

Giardia has a _________ life cycle, meaning it can only exist as 2 forms

Answer 16

biphasic

Question 17

What are the 2 forms of Giardia to exist?

Answer 17

Infective cyst
Adult

Question 18

Can the adult form of Giardia live in the environment and cause infection?

Answer 18

NO, only the cyst form can

Question 19

T/F: Giardia infective cysts are environmentally durable

Answer 19

True

Question 20

How is Giardia ingested?

Answer 20

Mountain stream water
Human/wildlife waste
Rain collection cisterns

Question 21

What are Giardia infective cysts resistant to?

Answer 21

Chlorine

Question 22

How can kids transmit Giardia?

Answer 22

Fecal-oral route (daycare)

Question 23

How many patients infected with Giardia are highly symptomatic?

Answer 23

Half

Question 24

What does attachment of Giardia cyst result in?

Answer 24

Inflammation
Reduction in gut’s absorptive capacity

Question 25

How long do Giardia infections last

Answer 25

4 weeks

Question 26

How do you diagnose Giardia?

Answer 26

Stool O&P Antigen test

Question 27

How do you treat Giardia?

Answer 27

Metronidizole

Question 28

How do you prevent Giardia?

Answer 28

Boiling water/filtered water when camping

Question 29

What is the most common readily treated veneral disease with 7 million cases/year in the US?

Answer 29

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 30

Where does Trichomonas vaginalis reside?

Answer 30

Human urogenital tract

Question 31

Does Trichomonas vaginalis form cysts or other environmental durable forms?

Answer 31

NO

Question 32

T/F: Women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis are symptomatic, and it causes trichomoniasis

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is the size of Trichomonas vaginalis compared to?

Answer 33

WBC

Question 34

What does Trichomonas vaginalis infection cause in men?

Answer 34

Urethritis or prostatitis

Question 35

Are men symptomatic when infected with Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 35

NO, they are asymptomatic! Women are symptomatic though

Question 36

How do you diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 36

Serology by test strip

Question 37

How do you treat Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 37

Metronidizole (to women and their partner)

Question 38

How do you prevent Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer 38

Safe sex

Question 39

T/F: There are not important health implications with Trichomonas vaginalis infections

Answer 39

FALSE, there are correlations with prematurity, low birth weight, PID, etc

Question 40

Are sporozoans motile?

Answer 40

NO, they are non-motile

Question 41

What stages do sporozoans have?

Answer 41

Alternating diploid + haploid stages

Question 42

Which sporozoan is the major cause of diarrhea in AIDS patients and immunosuppressive therapies?

Answer 42

Cryptosporidium

Question 43

Does Cryptosporidium need an intermediate host?

Answer 43

NO

Question 44

How is Cryptosporidium transmitted?

Answer 44

Fecal-oral route

Question 45

What are Cryptosporidium oocytes resistant to?

Answer 45

Environment Chlorine

Question 46

What does Cryptosporidium infection most frequently involve?

Answer 46

Contaminated water/pools

Question 47

Cryptosporidium parasites attach and interact closely with __________ cells, but remain at the __________ side. _______ are disrupted in this transformation

Answer 47

epithelial; lumen; villi

Question 48

How long does Cryptosporidium infection last?

Answer 48

2-4 weeks

Question 49

How can you diagnose Cryptosporidium infection?

Answer 49

Direct microscopy -> acid-fast oocytes Serological tests

Question 50

What can reduce Cryptosporidium infection?

Answer 50

Water treatment Good hygiene

Question 51

What infects 25-50% where cats are pets?

Answer 51

Toxoplasma

Question 52

What changes the behavior of rats/mice (intermediate hosts), making them less fearful of cats?

Answer 52

Toxoplasma

Question 53

What is the definitive host of Toxoplasma?

Answer 53

Cats

Question 54

Where does the sexual reproduction of Toxoplasma take place?

Answer 54

Inside cats (this makes it the definitive host)

Question 55

T/F: Toxoplasma can also propagate by asexual reproduction independently in carnivorous intermediate hosts

Answer 55

True

Question 56

T/F: Pregnant women should NOT scoop cat litter

Answer 56

True! Congenital transmission of Toxoplasma from mother to fetus can occur (causes hydrocephalus + other brain problems)

Question 57

What is another way humans can be infected with tissue cysts of Toxoplasma?

Answer 57

Infected meat (pork, lamb, etc)

Question 58

____________ ingest Toxoplasma parasites, which undergo _____________ replication, and are transported throughout the body. This infects many cell types (brain, heart, liver, lungs, CNS, etc)

Answer 58

Macrophages; intracellular

Question 59

How do you diagnose Toxoplasma?

Answer 59

Serological test for IgM Stool O&P

Question 60

How do you treat Toxoplasma infections?

Answer 60

Pyrimethamine Sulfadiazine

Question 61

What do Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine block?

Answer 61

Folic acid synthesis

Question 62

How can you prevent Toxoplasma infection?

Answer 62

Pregnant women shouldn't change cat litter Cats kept inside

Question 63

What is the agent of Malaria?

Answer 63

Plasmodium

Question 64

What is the most deadly human parasitic disease?

Answer 64

Plasmodium

Question 65

What type of Plasmodium causes malaria and 1-2 million deaths per year?

Answer 65

Plasmodium falciprum

Question 66

What is the definitive host of Plasmodium?

Answer 66

Mosquito

Question 67

What are the only 2 hosts of Plasmodium?

Answer 67

Human and mosquito

Question 68

Where does the asexual reproductive stage of Plasmodium occur?

Answer 68

Human host

Question 69

Where do trophozoite forms of Plasmodium called "merozoites" initially multiply by binary fission?

Answer 69

Liver

Question 70

What cells does Plasmodium initially infect?

Answer 70

Hepatocytes

Question 71

Where is Plasmodium released to divide, multiply, and feed?

Answer 71

In RBCs

Question 72

All the symptoms of Plasmodium infection is from what?

Answer 72

Episodic lysis of RBCs

Question 73

What are some symptoms of Plasmodium infection?

Answer 73

Chills Spiking fevers Sweats

Question 74

How do you diagnose Plasmodium infection?

Answer 74

Blood films/smears

Question 75

How do you treat Plasmodium?

Answer 75

Chloroquine Primaquine

Question 76

What prophylactic treatments can travelers use to prevent Plasmodium infection/malaria?

Answer 76

Chloroquine Malarone Mefloquine

Question 77

What is an artemisinin (herbal) injectable derivative used to treat Plasmodium infections?

Answer 77

Sweet wormwood