Migration Pack C

Question 1

What is globalisation?

Answer 1

The process by which the world’s economies, societies and cultures become increasingly interconnected through the global network of trade communication, transport and cultural exchange

Question 2

What is the short definition of globalisation?

Answer 2

The process of the world becoming increasingly interconnected

Question 3

What is a hyperconnected world?

Answer 3

• Numerous and dense connections
• Global norms of shared standards of acceptable behaviour by governments (e.g. free trade, tax system and environmental protection)

Question 4

What do hyperglobalisers believe?

Answer 4

• That the relevance and power of countries may decrease over time
• Will become a shrinking world of borderless countries and a shared identity

Question 5

What are the impacts of globalisation?

Answer 5

• Create more wealth in LICs and EEs
• Not closing the gap between richest and poorest countries
• Interdependence between countries with few self sufficient societies

Question 6

What are the different flows?

Answer 6

• Goods
• Money
• People
• Tech, services and ideas

Question 7

What is the flow of goods?

Answer 7

• Food, raw materials, fossil fuels, manufactured goods and component parts
• Rising industrial demand for materials
• Increased size of the global middle class consuming food, oil, gas and petrol
• Manufactured products has grown due to cheap manufacturing prices in China
• Global supply chain has grown as countries can produce component parts cheaply
• Used to be a N-S divide but now EEs produce and buy goods

Question 8

How much is the world trade worth?

Answer 8

$33 trillion in 2024

Question 9

What is the flow of money?

Answer 9

• Remittances are sent from richer to poorer countries by migrant workers
• Loans and debt relief from World Bank and IMF for billions of dollars
• Aid is small amounts of money
• FDI is investment made by a TNC or government into a state’s economy
• Financial services is the movement of money for stocks and shares

Question 10

How much FDI was there in 2024?

Answer 10

$1.5 trillion

Question 11

What is the flow of people?

Answer 11

• Migrants
• Refugees
• Tourists (and now overtourism)

Question 12

How many tourists were there in 2024?

Answer 12

1.4 billion

Question 13

What is the flow of tech, services and ideas?

Answer 13

• More services are traded now the global middle class is larger
• Cross border trade in financial services is high as deregulation makes it easier
• Large banks and insurance companies can sell services to foreign customers
• On demand media and retailing causes e-commerce growth (e.g. Amazon, Netflix)
• Education from online platforms and health care knowledge on line

Question 14

How many people use the internet?

Answer 14

6 billion people (74%) in 2024

Question 15

What are the characteristics of modern globalisation?

Answer 15

• Increased spatially
• Increased temporally
• Deepened

Question 16

What are the 4 types of globalisation?

Answer 16

• Economic
• Political
• Environmental
• Social/cultural

Question 17

What is economic globalisation?

Answer 17

• TNCs have accelerated cross border exchanges of raw materials, components and manufactured products
• ICT enabled spatial division of labour with HQs, factories and branches in different countries
• More online purchasing through phones and computers

Question 18

What is political globalisation?

Answer 18

• UN, World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) work internationally to support economies
• Growth of trading blocs (e.g. EU, USMCA) reduce trade restrictions and tariffs

Question 19

What is environmental globalisation?

Answer 19

• Global sharing of data
• Global agreements (e.g. Paris Agreement or Global Plastics Treaty)
• Problems become global not just national

Question 20

What is social/cultural globalisation?

Answer 20

• International migration increases family networks that cross national borders
• World cities become multi-ethnic
• Social connectivity with smart phones and social media
• Western cultural traits dominate in many areas

Question 21

What are the types of migrant?

Answer 21

• IDP
• Refugee
• Economic migrant

Question 22

What is an IDP?

Answer 22

Someone who moves to a new place within the same country

Question 23

What is a refugee?

Answer 23

Someone forced to move due to fear of persecution or injury or death from conflict or hazards

Question 24

What is an economic migrant?

Answer 24

Someone moving voluntarily in search of work

Question 25

What are the top 5 source countries for economic migrants?

Answer 25

1. India 2. China 3. Mexico 4. Ukraine 5. Russia

Question 26

What are the top 5 host countries for economic migrants?

Answer 26

1. USA 2. Germany 3. Saudi Arabia 4. UK 5. France

Question 27

What are the top 5 source countries for refugees?

Answer 27

1. Syria 2. Afghanistan 3. Ukraine 4. South Sudan 5. Sudan

Question 28

What are the top 5 host countries for refugees?

Answer 28

1. Iran 2. Turkey 3. Germany 4. Uganda 5. Pakistan

Question 29

What factors have influenced the process of globalisation?

Answer 29

- Transport - Communication - Media

Question 30

How has transportation driven globalisation?

Answer 30

- Faster and cheaper movement of goods, people and resources - Advances make international trade and tourism more efficient and accessible - Containerisation allows goods to be transport seamlessly between ports to reduce costs and delivery times - Development of major transport hubs enable global connectivity - Budget airlines have made international travel affordable - High speed rail improves regional integration and reduces journey times become economic centres - Global supply chains rely on advanced logistic networks and infrastructure

Question 31

What are examples of improvements in transport?

Answer 31

- Container shipping by Maersk between China, Singapore and the USA - Dubai International Airport and Heathrow are major transport hubs - Ryanair and AirAsia are budget airlines - High speed rail includes Shinkansen in Japan, TGV in France and CRH in China - Belt and Road Initiative

Question 32

How has communication driven globalisation?

Answer 32

- Information, ideas and business operations can move rapidly across borders - High speed internet, mobile phones and satellite systems makes global communication faster, cheaper and more accessible - Development of 5G networks support high speed connectivity - Revolutionises communication and financial access and helps local economies integrate into the market

Question 33

What are examples of improvements in communication?

Answer 33

- India becoming a global cell centre and IT support hub - WeChat and Alibaba in China - 5G development in South Korea and Japan - M-Pesa mobile baking system in Kenya

Question 34

How has media driven globalisation?

Answer 34

- Spreads cultural ideas, values and lifestyles across the world - Through film, television, music and digital platforms - Social media amplifies cultural exchange by allowing trends to circulate rapidly - International sporting events unite audiences through shared experiences and brand sponsorships

Question 35

What are examples of media?

Answer 35

- Hollywood movies and Netflix or Disney+ streaming services - Popularity of K-pop - Instagram, TikTok and YouTube - FIFA World Cup and the Olympics

Question 36

What are the drawbacks of shared media?

Answer 36

- Cultural homogenisation - Dominant cultures overshadow local traditions