Migration Pack I Flashcards

(14 cards)

1
Q

What are the benefits of globalisation?

A
  • Technology has improved comms and transport so countries can exchange info and goods more cheaply/quickly
  • Trade barriers have come down (tariffs/quotas)
  • Cheap goods for consumers (due to cheap labour/energy costs)
  • Jobs in EEs/LICs
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2
Q

What are the challenges of globalisation?

A
  • Rich markets face competition from cheap goods
  • Shifting production causes job losses and wage stagnation for secondary workers in HICs
  • Wages and working conditions are still low in EEs and LICs
  • Producing countries have lower environmental standards
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3
Q

How many people live in absolute poverty?

A
  • 840 million in 2015
  • Down from 1.9 billion in 2000
  • On less than $2.15 a day
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4
Q

What is leapfrogging?

A

Skipping to the most effective technologies (example of good globalisation for those in poverty)

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5
Q

What are examples of leapfrogging in LICs?

A
  • Mobile phones enable millions in rural LICs to connect to the internet for mobile banking, education and crop price info
  • Cell towers are cheap
  • StarLink by Elon Musk
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6
Q

Why is globalisation bad for those in poverty?

A
  • Exploitation of cheap labour
  • Environmental degradation affects local resources
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7
Q

What are people doing to campaign against globalisation?

A
  • Demand that Western companies only buy in products with better environmental/workers rights standards
  • Globalisation of economy requires stronger global governance
  • Awareness of low standards makes consumers in HICs demand higher standards of MNCs
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8
Q

How has globalisation benefitted the global North?

A
  • Retained power and wealth by dominating research and development (quaternary)
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9
Q

How have flows changed with globalisation?

A
  • Easier movements of goods and ideas
  • Flows of people have not kept up
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10
Q

What is deep integration?

A
  • Not just changes at borders (tariffs/controls)
  • Also agreements on regulations on products and standards
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11
Q

What are the political drivers of globalisation?

A
  • Politicians from left and right have promoted globalisation as a way of improving living standards in both HICs and LICs
  • Only been partially successful
  • Crucially led to a large number of ‘left-behinds’ in HICs
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12
Q

What is Trump’s biggest aim about?

A
  • Trump elected on promise to reduce globalisation and bring manufacturing back to USA through tariffs
  • Tariffs put on every country where the USA has a trade deficit
  • Means production is shifting back to USA or near shoring
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13
Q

What will happen to Americans in the future?

A
  • Price of goods for American consumers is increasing (= inflation)
  • Consumer may vote against protectionist policies if they feel it isn’t benefitting their QoL
  • Increased flows of goods and people by ocean from developing to developed world
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14
Q

Why might globalisation be slowing down?

A
  • Political resistance to migration
  • Rising nationalism
  • Return of protectionist policies
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