Migration Pack I

Question 1

What are the benefits of globalisation?

Answer 1

• Technology has improved comms and transport so countries can exchange info and goods more cheaply/quickly
• Trade barriers have come down (tariffs/quotas)
• Cheap goods for consumers (due to cheap labour/energy costs)
• Jobs in EEs/LICs

Question 2

What are the challenges of globalisation?

Answer 2

• Rich markets face competition from cheap goods
• Shifting production causes job losses and wage stagnation for secondary workers in HICs
• Wages and working conditions are still low in EEs and LICs
• Producing countries have lower environmental standards

Question 3

How many people live in absolute poverty?

Answer 3

• 840 million in 2015
• Down from 1.9 billion in 2000
• On less than $2.15 a day

Question 4

What is leapfrogging?

Answer 4

Skipping to the most effective technologies (example of good globalisation for those in poverty)

Question 5

What are examples of leapfrogging in LICs?

Answer 5

• Mobile phones enable millions in rural LICs to connect to the internet for mobile banking, education and crop price info
• Cell towers are cheap
• StarLink by Elon Musk

Question 6

Why is globalisation bad for those in poverty?

Answer 6

• Exploitation of cheap labour
• Environmental degradation affects local resources

Question 7

What are people doing to campaign against globalisation?

Answer 7

• Demand that Western companies only buy in products with better environmental/workers rights standards
• Globalisation of economy requires stronger global governance
• Awareness of low standards makes consumers in HICs demand higher standards of MNCs

Question 8

How has globalisation benefitted the global North?

Answer 8

• Retained power and wealth by dominating research and development (quaternary)

Question 9

How have flows changed with globalisation?

Answer 9

• Easier movements of goods and ideas
• Flows of people have not kept up

Question 10

What is deep integration?

Answer 10

• Not just changes at borders (tariffs/controls)
• Also agreements on regulations on products and standards

Question 11

What are the political drivers of globalisation?

Answer 11

• Politicians from left and right have promoted globalisation as a way of improving living standards in both HICs and LICs
• Only been partially successful
• Crucially led to a large number of ‘left-behinds’ in HICs

Question 12

What is Trump’s biggest aim about?

Answer 12

• Trump elected on promise to reduce globalisation and bring manufacturing back to USA through tariffs
• Tariffs put on every country where the USA has a trade deficit
• Means production is shifting back to USA or near shoring

Question 13

What will happen to Americans in the future?

Answer 13

• Price of goods for American consumers is increasing (= inflation)
• Consumer may vote against protectionist policies if they feel it isn’t benefitting their QoL
• Increased flows of goods and people by ocean from developing to developed world

Question 14

Why might globalisation be slowing down?

Answer 14

• Political resistance to migration
• Rising nationalism
• Return of protectionist policies