Module 1 HW questions

Question 1

Which CNS glia cell activates the immune system?

Answer 1

astrocytes

Question 2

Which part of the BBB do astrocytes maintain and support?

Answer 2

tight junctions

Question 3

What role do astrocytes play with released neurotransmitters?

Answer 3

recapture and recycle

Question 4

What substance secreted by astrocytes stimulates neuron tissue maintenance and repair?

Answer 4

nerve growth factor

Question 5

Which CNS glia cell is involved in removing debris?

Answer 5

microglia

Question 6

Which PNS glia cell secretes nerve growth factor and remove damaged debris?

Answer 6

Schwann cell

Question 7

What type of substance holds the layers of Schwann cells together?

Answer 7

myelin protein zero

Question 8

Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?

Answer 8

soma

Question 9

Most neuronal synapses occur at the dendritic ______ of a receiving neuron

Answer 9

spine

Question 10

Which part of the soma gives rise to the axon process?

Answer 10

axon hillock

Question 11

What are neuron fibers that branch off of an axon with all the same properties and characteristics of the primary axon?

Answer 11

axon collaterals

Question 12

What are the unmyelinated segments between Schwann cells on an axon where collaterals can branch?

Answer 12

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 13

What are the slender unmyelinated distal end of an axon that form the synaptic bulbs?

Answer 13

telodendria

Question 14

Which part of a neuron secretes neurotransmitters?

Answer 14

axon terminal

Question 15

Which vesicle protein helps vesicles merge with the presynaptic membrane?

Answer 15

vSNAREs

Question 16

What are isolated cytoplasmic stacks of RER inside a neuron soma?

Answer 16

Nissl bodies

Question 17

Where are tSNAREs located?

Answer 17

presynaptic membrane

Question 18

Which structure provides cytoskeletal transport pathways in a neuron?

Answer 18

neurotubules

Question 19

Solutes/molecules tend to move passively across a cell membrane from _________ concentration to ________ concentration

Answer 19

high, low

Question 20

Which type of receptor loops in and out of the membrane seven times and does not function to transport substances across the cell membrane directly?

Answer 20

G protein coupled receptor

Question 21

What type of structure is required to allow ions to cross a cell plasma membrane?

Answer 21

channel proteins

Question 22

Which type of transmembrane channel proteins are always open?

Answer 22

leaky

Question 23

What type of transmembrane protein channel is activated by changes in the membranes voltage?

Answer 23

voltage gated channels

Question 24

Which type or category of membrane transport system does not require ATP energy?

Answer 24

passive

Question 25

Which membrane transport system uses energy to pump solutes across the membrane against their concentration gradient?

Answer 25

active transport

Question 26

Which type of membrane transport releases neurotransmitters?

Answer 26

exocytosis

Question 27

What is the most well known example of active membrane transport in the body?

Answer 27

sodium potassium pump

Question 28

The sodium potassium pump pumps ______ sodium ions out of the cell and ______ potassium ions into the cell each cycle

Answer 28

3, 2

Question 29

Which motor protein transports new organelles away from the soma?

Answer 29

kinesin

Question 30

What type of axon degeneration progresses in an anterograde direction?

Answer 30

wallerian

Question 31

The distal portion of a CNS transected axon will typically die after _____________

Answer 31

a few days

Question 32

Transected peripheral axons can typically repair themselves due to differentiation of ___________ cells

Answer 32

Schwann

Question 33

What is the primary process that promotes regeneration of a peripheral transected axon?

Answer 33

aligning the stumps

Question 34

Schwann cells differentiate to form _________ that allow transected axon stumps to find each other and reconnect?

Answer 34

rows

Question 35

What do Schwann cells secrete that helps transected peripheral axon regenerate?

Answer 35

nerve growth factor

Question 36

Which transport mechanism carries stuff away from the soma?

Answer 36

anterograde

Question 37

Which transport mechanism carries stuff toward the soma?

Answer 37

retrograde

Question 38

Which motor protein transports viruses toward the soma?

Answer 38

dynein

Question 39

What will happen to a body cell in hypertonic conditions?

Answer 39

Shrink

Question 40

What condition describes extracellular fluid when the concentration of solutes is less than the concentration of intracellular cytosol?

Answer 40

Hypotonic

Question 41

Which direction will hypotonic extracellular fluid move?

Answer 41

Into the cell

Question 42

What will happen to a body cell in hypotonic conditions?

Answer 42

Swell

Question 43

What is the purpose of neurotubules in an axon?

Answer 43

Transport

Question 44

What type of protein is essential for holding microtubules together?

Answer 44

Tau protein

Question 45

What type of membrane transport involves water moving through a selectively permeable membrane toward a higher concentration of solutes?

Answer 45

osmosis

Question 46

What term describes equal distribution of solutes in all 3 fluid compartments in the body?

Answer 46

isotonic conditions

Question 47

What condition describes extracellular fluid when the concentration of solutes is greater than the concentration of intracellular cytosol?

Answer 47

hypertonic

Question 48

Which direction will intracellular fluid flow if extracellular fluid is hypertonic?

Answer 48

out of the cell

Question 49

What will happen to a body cell in hypertonic conditions?

Answer 49

shrink

Question 50

Which type of transmembrane channel proteins are always open?

Answer 50

leaky