Module 4-6 TBL Questions

Question 1

Which type of pain elicits sharp, stabbing sensations?

Answer 1

fast pain

Question 2

Which type of nociception is initially stimulated by a muscle spasm?

Answer 2

mechanical

Question 3

Which pathway carries mechanical, thermal, and chemical signals?

Answer 3

paleospinothalamic tract

Question 4

Why can pain interrupt sleep?

Answer 4

because some pain fibers synapse in the reticular formation

Question 5

What type of pain travels in type A delta fibers?

Answer 5

fast pain

Question 6

Which type of pain pathway is activated when visceral tissue damage spreads to surrounding serous membranes?

Answer 6

parietal pain

Question 7

The posterior half of the head receives referred pain stimuli from _____________________

Answer 7

Below the tentorium

Question 8

How does substance P effect pain signal transmission?

Answer 8

increase sensitivity

Question 9

Which tract transmits pain signals to the thalamus?

Answer 9

spinothalamic

Question 10

What is the definition of causalgia?

Answer 10

persistent burning sensation post peripheral nerve injury

Question 11

Which substance is primarily responsible for the intensity of pain due to acute tissue damage?

Answer 11

potassium

Question 12

What neurotransmitter is secreted by fast and slow pain fibers?

Answer 12

glutamate

Question 13

Which pathway transmits slow pain signals?

Answer 13

paleospinothalamic pathway

Question 14

Which pathway secretes substance P?

Answer 14

paleospinothalamic pathway

Question 15

Which pathway transmits fast pain signals?

Answer 15

neospinothalamic pathway

Question 16

Which pathway is able to pinpoint source of pain?

Answer 16

neospinothalamic pathway

Question 17

Which pathway is made up of unmyelinated C fibers?

Answer 17

paleospinothalamic pathway

Question 18

Which pathway sends signals to the cortex?

Answer 18

neospinothalamic pathway

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter stimulates enkephalin neurons in the cord to suppress incoming pain signals?

Answer 19

serotonin

Question 20

Which type of pain signal synapses in the dorsal horn at the same location as sensory neurons transmitting signals from skin?

Answer 20

visceral pain

Question 21

Which mechanoreceptor is more sensitive to vibration?

Answer 21

pacinian corpuscle

Question 22

Which ion moves receptor potential above threshold?

Answer 22

sodium

Question 23

Damage to this tract can affect a person’s sense of touch in their hands

Answer 23

fasciculus cuneatus

Question 24

Why are humans more sensitive to gradations in cold temp than in warm temp?

Answer 24

cold signals transmit signals faster than warm receptors

Question 25

Very intense receptor stimulation causes a progressive ____________ in the number of additional APs

Answer 25

decrease

Question 26

Which substance is synthesized from vit A in the retina?

Answer 26

rhodopsin

Question 27

What happens to rod photoreceptors in the presence of light?

Answer 27

sodium channels close

Question 28

Which type of receptor can detect stretching?

Answer 28

mechanoreceptor

Question 29

Which ganglion is associated with the sympathetic NS? A) ciliary B) mesenteric C) submandibular D) otic

Answer 29

B) mesenteric

Question 30

Which cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 30

III, VII, IX, and X

Question 31

Which ion flows into the stereocilia of hair cells to initiate depolarization?

Answer 31

potassium

Question 32

How does sympathetic tone effect smooth muscle?

Answer 32

causes slight vasoconstriction of blood vessels

Question 33

What is formed by intrafusal fibers?

Answer 33

muscle spindles

Question 34

What is located at insertion points of whole muscles?

Answer 34

golgi tendon organs

Question 35

What contains nuclear bag fibers that respond to stretching?

Answer 35

muscle spindles

Question 36

What is innervated by sensory neurons that detect muscle tenison?

Answer 36

golgi tendon organs

Question 37

Are muscle spindles or golgi tendon organs innervated by gamma motor neurons?

Answer 37

muscle spindles

Question 38

What is located in a muscle belly?

Answer 38

muscle spindles

Question 39

What is stimulated reflexive relaxation of muscles?

Answer 39

golgi tendon organs

Question 40

A nuclear chain muscle fiber only responds to __________

Answer 40

slow stretch

Question 41

Which type of reflex of a rapid response to a sensory stimulus from a limb?

Answer 41

flexor/withdrawal reflex

Question 42

What causes hyperpolarization?

Answer 42

decomposition of rhodopsin

Question 43

Which structure has the highest degree of visual acuity?

Answer 43

fovea

Question 44

1st order neurons carry taste sensations to the _____________________

Answer 44

gustatory area in the medulla oblongata

Question 45

What method of activation will depolarize an olfactory receptor?

Answer 45

2nd messenger system open sodium channels

Question 46

Through what structure does sound vibrations enter the scala vestibuli?

Answer 46

oval window

Question 47

Cones are responsible for __________ vision

Answer 47

color

Question 48

What is the function of the saccule within the vestibular apparatus?

Answer 48

signals head orientation when a person is lying down

Question 49

What causes the eye lens to become thick and lose elasticity?

Answer 49

denatured proteins

Question 50

Which motor tract involves movement of the head in response to stimuli?

Answer 50

tectospinal

Question 51

Which part of the cerebellum controls coordinating movements of the hands and fingers?

Answer 51

spinocerebellum

Question 52

What is a motor unit?

Answer 52

a motor neuron and the number of muscle fibers that neuron synapses with

Question 53

The ionic conc. of endolymph is high in _____________ and low in ________________

Answer 53

potassium, sodium

Question 54

Which brain wave is active when you are thinking?

Answer 54

beta

Question 55

Which brain wave appears when you first close your eyes to go to sleep?

Answer 55

alpha

Question 56

Which brain wave is active during REM sleep?

Answer 56

beta

Question 57

Where are serotonin neuron cell bodies located that have a role in the natural sleep cycle?

Answer 57

raphe nuclei

Question 58

Which area of the brain is responsible for comprehending language?

Answer 58

Wernicke's area

Question 59

What is the primary function of Broca's area?

Answer 59

form words

Question 60

What is a function of the hippocampus?

Answer 60

converts short term memory to long term memory

Question 61

What is the function of the angular gyrus?

Answer 61

interpret the written word

Question 62

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

Answer 62

parietal lobe

Question 63

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

Answer 63

frontal lobe

Question 64

Which is the primary auditory and olfactory cortex located?

Answer 64

temporal lobe

Question 65

Where is the primary gustatory cortex located?

Answer 65

insula lobe

Question 66

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

Answer 66

occipital lobe

Question 67

Which CNS structure controls the ANS and endocrine system?

Answer 67

hypothalamus

Question 68

Which area of the brain regulates appropriate social responses?

Answer 68

prefrontal association area

Question 69

Which area of the brain analyzes the spatial coordinates of the body?

Answer 69

parieto-occipitotemporal association area

Question 70

Which brain wave is necessary to achieve for deep sleep?

Answer 70

delta

Question 71

Which type of seizure begins in both brain hemispheres simultaneously?

Answer 71

petit mal

Question 72

Rapid eye movement sleep occurs on cycle of approximately every _______ min

Answer 72

90

Question 73

Where is Broca's area located?

Answer 73

frontal lobe

Question 74

The underside of both the occipital and temporal lobes function to allow the brain to recognize ______________

Answer 74

names and faces

Question 75

The pineal gland converts __________ into melatonin

Answer 75

serotonin

Question 76

What are sleep spindles?

Answer 76

alpha waves that intermittently break up light sleep waves

Question 77

Which ion is responsible for decreasing synaptic delay?

Answer 77

calcium

Question 78

What happens when the time span between a stimulus and a response in a synaptic pathway is reduced?

Answer 78

learning

Question 79

Which seizure is preceded by hallucinations?

Answer 79

complex/psychomotor

Question 80

Which seizure is preceded by a visual aura?

Answer 80

simple/Jacksonian

Question 81

Which seizure will have 5-10 sec loss of consciousness with eyes open?

Answer 81

petit mal

Question 82

What are the 2 subtypes of a general seizure?

Answer 82

grand mal and petit mal

Question 83

Which seizure is preceded by ringing in the ears?

Answer 83

simple/jacksonian

Question 84

Which seizure has a tonic, clonic, and post-ictal phase?

Answer 84

grand mal

Question 85

Damage to _____________ area can decrease a person's ability to acquire and apply new knowledge

Answer 85

Wernicke's

Question 86

Where does your brain store working memories?

Answer 86

prefrontal association area