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Neuro Muscle Physiology > Module 4 HW Questions > Flashcards

Module 4 HW Questions Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Which pain can be precisely located?

A

fast pain

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2
Q

Which pain detects tissue destruction?

A

slow pain

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3
Q

Which pain is associated with prolonged suffering?

A

slow pain

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4
Q

Which pain is mostly cutaneous pain?

A

fast pain

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5
Q

Which pain begins 1 sec after stimulus?

A

slow pain

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6
Q

Which pain is sharp, stabbing, electric?

A

fast pain

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7
Q

Which pain is felt in deeper tissues?

A

slow pain

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8
Q

Which pain is where most 3rd order neurons terminate the reticular formation?

A

slow pain

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9
Q

Which pain can travel in type A delta fibers?

A

fast pain

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10
Q

Which pain secretes substance P?

A

slow pain

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11
Q

Which pain secretes glutamate?

A

both fast and slow pain

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12
Q

Which pain travels in the paleospinothalamic pathway?

A

slow pain

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13
Q

Which pain is where 1st order neurons synapse in the dorsal horn?

A

both fast and slow pain

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14
Q

Which pain synapses with 2nd order neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus?

A

fast pain

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15
Q

The ________ has more free nerve endings than deep tissue organs

A

skin

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16
Q

Bradykinin, potassium, proteolytic enzymes, and chemicals ___________ excite nociceptors

A

directly

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17
Q

Which hormone plays a role in increasing the sensitivity of nociceptors?

A

prostaglandins

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18
Q

Which chemicals are responsible for long suffering pain?

A

prostaglandins and substance P

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19
Q

Which chemical is most responsible for causing pain after tissue damage?

A

bradykinin

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20
Q

Intensity of pain felt is proportional to the local increase of _____________ in interstitial fluid

A

potassium

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21
Q

A person can pinpoint fast pain because fibers traveling in the neospinothalamic tract synapse at the same ___________ nucleus as the fasciculus gracilis of the dorsal medial lemniscus

A

VPL

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22
Q

What is the primary reason for tissue damage caused by tissue ischemia?

A

blocked blood flow

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23
Q

What chemical is responsible for pain caused by tissue ischemia?

A

lactic acid

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24
Q

What type of abnormal muscle condition excites both mechanosensitive nociceptors and chemical sensitive nociceptors?

A

muscle spasm

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25
Where do most pain fibers traveling in the paleospinothalamic tract specifically terminate?
reticular nuclei
26
Which type of pain affects sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure?
slow pain
27
Which part of the CNS primarily perceives conscious pain?
brainstem
28
Which neuromodulator prolongs the opening of NMDA receptors?
substance P
29
What role does substance P play in long term potentiation of a pain pathway synapse?
facilitates/increases intracellular calcium
30
What abnormal pain sensation does long term potentiation cause?
hyperalgesia
31
Which hypothalamic nucleus is excited by pain signals?
paraventricular
32
Which neurotransmitter is released by neurons from the raphe nuclei?
serotonin
33
What is the role of serotonin in the analgesic system of the spinal cord?
excite enkephalin secreting neurons
34
Where are enkephalin neurons located?
dorsal horn at each cord level
35
What is the function of enkephalin?
inhibit 1st and 2nd order pain signals
36
Pain originates below the tentorium
posterior aspect of head
37
Pain originates from the intracranial vasculature
can encompass the entire skull
38
Pain originates from nasal sinuses
behind the eyes or forehead
39
Pain originates above the tentorium
front half of head
40
Which referred pain is true referred pain?
true visceral pain
41
Which referred pain travels in type A delta fibers?
parietal pain
42
Which referred pain is slow pain?
true visceral pain
43
Which referred pain is difficult to localize?
true visceral pain
44
Which referred pain is transmitted by ANS neurons?
true visceral pain
45
Which referred pain can transmit strong pain sensation that is caused by ischemia, chemicals, tissue damage, smooth muscle damage, and connective tissue damage?
true visceral pain
46
Which referred pain is transmitted by local spinal nerves?
parietal pain
47
Which referred pain rarely elicits severe pain?
true visceral pain
48
Which referred pain has 1st order neurons synapse at the same location as the 2nd order neurons transmitting skin sensation?
true visceral pain
49
Which referred pain is located directly over the serous membrane sending the signal?
parietal pain
50
Which referred pain travels in the paleospinothalamic tract?
true visceral pain
51
Which type of headache is caused by low CSF levels?
meningeal
52
Meningitis can cause a ___________ type headache
meningeal
53
Which type of headache is caused by abnormal intermittent episodes of vasospasm and vasodilation of cerebral arteries?
migraine
54
What causes Tic Douloureux?
inflammation of trigeminal nerve
55
What is the primary general stimulus for free nerve ending nociceptors?
pain
56
What is the primary general stimulus for pacinian corpuscle?
vibration
57
What is the primary general stimulus for meissner's corpuscle?
light touch
58
What is the primary general stimulus for ruffini corpuscle?
deep pressure
59
What is the primary general stimulus for golgi tendons?
muscle tension
60
What is the primary general stimulus for muscle spindles?
muscle stretch
61
What is the primary general stimulus for merkel discs?
light touch
62
What type of channel is opened when a stimulus activates a sensory receptor?
sodium
63
What is a receptor potential?
depolarization of the main receptor neuron fiber
64
How will a strong stimulus effect a receptor potential?
move it above threshold
65
What causes receptor adaptation?
length of time of stimulus
66
How many neurons are involved in a basic sensory pathway?
3
67
Which sensory order neuron is a peripheral neuron?
1st order
68
Arrange the correct order of a receptor generating an AP
1) stimulus 2) sodium channels open 3) sodium influx 4) receptor potential depolarization 5) threshold 6) AP
69
Which tract transmits pain?
spinothalamic
70
Which tract transmits tickles?
spinothalamic
71
Which tract transmits joint proprioception?
fasciculus cuneatus
72
Which tract receives signals from muscle spindles?
spinocerebellar
73
Which tract transmits discriminative touch?
fasciculus gracilis
74
Which tract transmits temp?
spinothalamic
75
Which tract transmits itch?
spinothalamic
76
Which tract transmits vibration?
fasciculus gracilis
77
Which tract receives signals from golgi tendon organs?
spinocerebellar
78
Which tract transmits tactile info?
spinocerebellar
79
Which tract transmits body proprioception?
spinocerebellar
80
Which type of thermal sensation travels the fastest?
cold
81
Gradually increasing temp burn skin before a person perceives the sensation because warmth signals travel in ______________ fibers
unmyelinated Type C
82
What is a non-painful stimuli that evokes pain sensation?
allodynia
83
What is a state in which painful stimuli is still perceived but no longer painful?
analgesia
84
What is an unpleasant stimulus associated with impending or actual tissue damage?
pain
85
What is abnormally extreme sensitivity to pain stimuli?
hyperalgesia
86
What is the detection of pain sensation?
nociception
87
What is persistent severe burning sensation following partial injury of a peripheral nerve?
causalgia

Neuro Muscle Physiology (24 decks)

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