Module 5 HW Questions

Question 1

The ciliary ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

Answer 1

parasympathetic

Question 2

The otic ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

Answer 2

parasympathetic

Question 3

The celiac ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

Answer 3

sympathetic

Question 4

The superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

Answer 4

sympathetic

Question 5

The pterygopalatine ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

Answer 5

parasympathetic

Question 6

The aortico-renal ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

Answer 6

sympathetic

Question 7

The submandibular ganglion is a part of which ANS branch?

Answer 7

parasympathetic

Question 8

Sympathetic tone maintains normal arteriole _____________

Answer 8

constriction

Question 9

What mechanism maintains the smooth muscle tone of the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 9

parasympathetic tone

Question 10

Which CNS structure controls the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system?

Answer 10

hypothalamus

Question 11

Which nerve carries 75% of parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 11

vagus

Question 12

These cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers.

Answer 12

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

Question 13

extrafusal fibers are innervated by _______ motor neurons and intrafusal fibers are innervated by _________ motor neurons

Answer 13

alpha, gamma

Question 14

The intrafusal fibers located in the center of a muscle spindle ________ contract, whereas the intrafusal fibers located at each end of a muscle spindle _______ contract

Answer 14

do not, do

Question 15

The primary motor cortex and somatosensory cortex devotes the largest share of neurons to the ________ and _________

Answer 15

face, hands

Question 16

Where are intrafusal muscle fibers located?

Answer 16

muscle spindles

Question 17

Where are muscle spindles located?

Answer 17

muscle belly

Question 18

What is the sensory function of a muscle spindle?

Answer 18

detect change in muscle fiber length

Question 19

Which type of intrafusal fiber has a cluster of nuclei in the center?

Answer 19

nuclear bag

Question 20

Which type of intrafusal fiber has nuclei located throughout the length of the fiber?

Answer 20

nuclear chain

Question 21

Which type of intrafusal fibers are excited by both dynamic and static stretch?

Answer 21

nuclear bag

Question 22

What type of reflex involves sensory input and a motor response from and to the same muscle?

Answer 22

monosynaptic

Question 23

What triggers a monosynaptic muscle reflex?

Answer 23

sudden stretch of muscle spindle

Question 24

What is the primary function of dynamic stretch reflex?

Answer 24

opposes sudden changes in muscle length

Question 25

When does the static stretch reflex begin?

Answer 25

immediately after a dynamic stretch

Question 26

What is the purpose of a static stretch reflex?

Answer 26

maintain a degree of muscle contraction for a prolonged period

Question 27

What type of sensory info do golgi tendon organs detect?

Answer 27

tension

Question 28

What is the primary function of golgi tendon organs?

Answer 28

prevent tearing

Question 29

The intrafusal fibers located in the center of a muscle spindle act as a ______________ receptor

Answer 29

sensory

Question 30

Which motor tract sends signals to flexor muscles of the upper limbs?

Answer 30

rubrospinal

Question 31

Which motor tract controls head movements that respond to a visual stimuli?

Answer 31

tectospinal

Question 32

What is the general function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 32

control complex patterns of motor activity

Question 33

Which portion of the cerebellum functions to coordinate movements of the hands and fingers?

Answer 33

spinocerebellum

Question 34

Which portion of the cerebellum functions to control most of the body's equilibrium movements?

Answer 34

vestibulocerebellum

Question 35

Which portion of the cerebellum functions to plan sequential voluntary body and limb movements?

Answer 35

cerebrocerebellum

Question 36

Which CNS structure controls the ANS and endocrine system?

Answer 36

hypothalamus

Question 37

The vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts maintain balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone by _____________ and _____________ antigravity muscles

Answer 37

excitatory, inhibitory

Question 38

In the dark, sodium ion channels are _______ causing ____________________ of the rod membrane

Answer 38

open, depolarization

Question 39

In the presence of light, sodium ion channels __________ causing ___________________ of the rod membrane

Answer 39

close, hyperpolarization

Question 40

Potassium channels on the rod receptor membrane are _________________

Answer 40

always open

Question 41

In the absence of the ossicular system and tympanic membrane, sound waves can travel through _______

Answer 41

air

Question 42

Arrange the taste pathway in the correct order beginning with the taste buds

Answer 42

1) chemicals bind to microvilli 2) facial and glossopharyngeal nerve generate APs 3) 1st order sensory neurons synapse in the medulla oblongata 4) tractus solitarius transmits signals to the thalamus 5) 3rd order neurons terminate in the insula

Question 43

What causes the lens to grow thick and become less elastic?

Answer 43

denatured proteins

Question 44

What causes the opaque areas in cataracts?

Answer 44

coagulation of denatured proteins

Question 45

How do denatured proteins in a lens affect accommodation?

Answer 45

lenses lose the ability to change shape

Question 46

What happens to rhodopsin when exposed to light?

Answer 46

decomposes to scotopsin

Question 47

What isomer does vit A form?

Answer 47

11-cisretinal

Question 48

How is rhodopsin reformed?

Answer 48

scotopsin + 11-cisretinal

Question 49

What happens if there is an excess of 11-cisretinal in the retina?

Answer 49

it converts back to vit A

Question 50

How does decomposed rhodopsin effect the sodium channels on the rod photoreceptor?

Answer 50

causes them to close

Question 51

How does decomposition of rhodopsin effect the polarity of the rod photoreceptor?

Answer 51

causes hyperpolarization

Question 52

Where is the fovea located?

Answer 52

center of the macula

Question 53

Which area of the retina is responsible for the highest degree of visual acuity?

Answer 53

the fovea

Question 54

Which type of receptor composes most of the fovea?

Answer 54

cones

Question 55

What type of stimulus causes a change in the electrical potential of a taste bud receptor?

Answer 55

chemical

Question 56

What type of receptor are olfactory receptors?

Answer 56

7 member G protein coupled receptor

Question 57

How soon after stimulation can an olfactory receptor adapt to the odorant stimulus?

Answer 57

about 1 sec

Question 58

Through which structure do sound vibrations enter the scala vestibuli?

Answer 58

oval window

Question 59

Which 2nd messenger system does olfactory receptor initiate?

Answer 59

cAMP