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Repro > Module 1-Intro and Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Module 1-Intro and Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

three types of reproductive processes

A

Oviparous
ovoviparous
viviparous

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2
Q

oviviparous

A

female lays eggs that hatch outside the body
Ex: birds and some reptiles

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3
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

give birth to live young from eggs inside body
Ex: shark, amphibians

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4
Q

viviparous

A

give birth to live young nourished by contact between the placenta and uterus
Ex: mammals

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5
Q

induced ovulation

A

Ovulation is induced by outside stimuli
Ex: Cats, Llamas

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6
Q

Spontaneous ovulation

A

ovulation happens within a window of time on a cyclic interval

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7
Q

Delayed fertilization

A

Ovulation occurs as normal, sperm gets stored in female body until body is ready for pregnancy

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8
Q

Delayed (embryotic) Development

A

growth of embryo is delayed after fertilization occurs

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9
Q

Delayed implantation(embryonic diapause)

A

embryo develops to the blastocyst phase and free floats in uterus until ready to implant

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10
Q

Examples of animals with delayed implantation? why?

A

-Grizzly bear, hibernation
-elephant seal, birth and mating happen at the same time once a year

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11
Q

two types of delayed implantation and what they are

A

obligate: strategic reason for delay(usually follows a pattern)
Facultative: based on biological cues

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12
Q

Spontaneous abortion cause in mice

A

female is pregnant and smells unknown male and triggers abortion

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13
Q

how does synchronization of estrus work

A

Male pheromones release triggering nearby females to enter estrus

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14
Q

predator satiation hypothesis, examples?

A

highly synchronized births to satiate predators(cant catch them all)
Ex: wildebeest, cape buffallo

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15
Q

predator avoidance hypothesis, examples?

A

births evenly dispersed and hidden from predators
Ex: Impalla, waterbuck, oribi

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16
Q

monozygotic polyembryony

A

one zygote splits into four producing 4 genetically identical offspring
Ex: armadillos

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17
Q

menopause

A

egg reserve fully depleted

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18
Q

why are only three species documented as going through menopause

A

most likely all others life span is lower than the amount of eggs they have

19
Q

intrafollicular fertilization

A

Sperm fertilizes egg in storage area, then the embryo is released
Ex: short tailed shrew

20
Q

superfecundation

A

more than one oocyte released from same estrous cycle, fertilized by more than one male
Ex: dogs and cats

21
Q

superfetation

A

female conceives while already pregnant(form of delayed implantation)
Ex: minks

22
Q

adelphophagy

A

eating ones brother in womb

23
Q

oophagy

A

fertilized embryo eats unfertilized oocytes

24
Q

dendrite

A

small branches that receive nerve impulse from other neurons

25
Q

axon

A

conduct nerve impulse away from cell body

26
Q

synapse

A

space between two neurons/space between neuron and target cell

27
Q

purpose of tonic center

A

signaling of hormones

28
Q

purpose of surge center

A

control ovulation

29
Q

T/F males only have a tonic center, while females have both

A

TRUE

30
Q

what kind of tissue is the anterior pituitary made of

A

glandular tissue

31
Q

Hypothalamus
-what cells does it contain?
-what does it produce?
-what hormones does it release?

A

-neurosecretory cells
-neurohormones
-GnRH, GHRH, TRH, CRH

32
Q

what pulse type does the tonic center produce

A

consistent/rhythmic up and down

33
Q

what type of pulse does the surge center produce

A

greater frequency and amplitude

34
Q

how is the posterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus

A

direct extension of axons of hypothalamus through infundibular stock

35
Q

T/F the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones, but it can not synthesize them

A

TRUE

36
Q

what is the most common hormone released by the posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin

37
Q

how is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus

A

indirect connection through the primary portal plexus(portal vessels carry trophic hormones to anterior pituitary)

38
Q

somatotrophs

A

secrete somatotropin(growth hormone)

39
Q

adrenotrophs

A

secrete ACTH(cascade for cortisol release)

40
Q

Thyrotrophs

A

secrete thyroid stimulation hormone

41
Q

lactotrophs

A

secrete prolactin in response to decreased dopamine

42
Q

gonadotrophs

A

secrete gonadotropins(FSH, LH)

43
Q

example of obligate delayed implantation

A

elephant seal

44
Q

example of facultative delayed implantation

A

mice/rats

Repro (18 decks)

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