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Repro > Module 6-spermatogenesis > Flashcards

Module 6-spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

what male mammal lacks the Y chromosome and sry gene

A

amami spiny rat

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2
Q

what activates sox9 in amami spiny rat

A

two copies of the enhancer Enh14

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3
Q

what is DNA wrapped around in sperm

A

protamines

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4
Q

four stages of spermatogenesis

A

spermatocytogenesis
meiosis
spermiogenesis
spermiation

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5
Q

spermatocytogenesis

A

mitosis phase(proliferation)

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6
Q

meiosis stage

A

in 2 stages
DNA crossover

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7
Q

spermiogenesis

A

differentiation. final maturation phase(from round shape to sperm shape)

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8
Q

spermiation

A

release of sperm into lumen of seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

what part of spermatogenesis occurs in basal membrane

A

proliferation

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10
Q

what part of spermatogenesis occurs in adluminal membrane

A

meiosis
differentiation

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11
Q

what hormone does the basal membrane require

A

LH
Testosterone

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12
Q

what hormone does the adluminal membrane require

A

FSH

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13
Q

stem cell renewal

A

-some maturing sperm cells revert back to the starting point
-allows for continued sperm production

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14
Q

what is the theoretical yield of sperm from one spermatogonium

A

256

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15
Q

where does most sperm loss occur during sperm production

A

mitotic spermatocytogenesis phase

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16
Q

phases of differentiation(Spermiogenesis)

A

Golgi phase
Cap phase
Acrosome phase
Maturation phase

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17
Q

Golgi phase

A

-golgi condenses to form proacrosomal granules that give rise to acrosome.
-centrioles migrate from the top of nucleus to the bottom

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18
Q

Cap phase

A

-acrosome forms a cap on the nucleus
-remaining Golgi migrates downward with cytoplasm
-distal centriole connects to proximal centriole to form axoneme(cytoskeleton of sperm tail)

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19
Q

acrosomal phase

A

-cytoplasm continues to pull downwards
-PC forms neck region
-DC continues to elongate
-Manchette anchor acrosome to keep on the sperm head

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20
Q

Maturation phase

A

-manchette attach to neck to anchor acrosome
-mitochondria condense below neck piece(middle piece)

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21
Q

T/F the time it takes for spermatogenesis is fixed and constant

A

TRUE

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22
Q

how often do stem cells enter spermatogenesis in men

A

every 16 days

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23
Q

how often do stem cells enter spermatogenesis in bulls

A

every 13.5 day

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24
Q

cycle definition

A

progression through sequence of all stages

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25
Q

stage definition

A

specific cellular associations

26
Q

how long is a bulls spermatogenic cycle

A

13.5 days

27
Q

how long is a rams spermatogenic cycle

A

10.1 days

28
Q

how long is a boars spermatogenic cycle

A

8.3 days

29
Q

how long is a stallions spermatogenic cycle

A

12.2 days

30
Q

how long is a rabbits spermatogenic cycle

A

11 days

31
Q

how many cycles does it take to complete spermatogenesis

A

4.5 cycles

32
Q

waves definition

A

the sequential order of stages happening along the seminiferous tubule

33
Q

what did the 2002 study determine was the purpose of hooked sperm in mice

A

sperm lock together to swim faster

34
Q

did the 2013 Australian study on mice sperm agree or disagree with the 2002 study

A

disagree. it said sperm swam faster by themselves

35
Q

what did the 2021 study determine about the hook on mice sperm

A

sperm clumping in polygamous sperm swim faster than monogamous sperm

36
Q

where is there a high degree of disulfide crosslinking

A

tail of the epididymis

37
Q

disulfide crosslinking definition

A

formation of tight bonds to further compact DNA

38
Q

fate of unejaculated sperm

A

reabsorption
disposal in urine

39
Q

function of accessory fluid

A

transport sperm
energy source(fructose)
buffer

40
Q

places for variation in amount of sperm production

A

testes size
efficiency of spermatogenesis
number of Sertoli cells
length of spermatogenesis

41
Q

what information does CASA give you

A

motility
morphology analysis

42
Q

what does CASA stand for

A

computer assisted semen analysis

43
Q

motility definition

A

-velocity
-linearity

44
Q

morphology analysis definition

A

area of sperm head
acrosome
vitality(living or not)

45
Q

sperm head abnormalities

A

crater defect
tapered head
ruffled acrosome
knobbed acrosome

46
Q

sperm tail abnormalities

A

coiled tail
double midpiece
folded tail
detached head

47
Q

steps for sex-sorted semen

A

-vital dye absorbed by DNA(X absorbs more than Y)
-laser pings off fluorescent dye
-detector reads absorption
-droplet charging collar assigns charge based on absorption
-magnet field directs sperm to containers

48
Q

spermatogonia

A

-closest to basement membrane
-divide during prolifereation

49
Q

primary spermatocyte

A

product after mitosis phase completion

50
Q

secondary spermatocyte

A

product after meiosis I

51
Q

spermatid

A

product after meiosis II

52
Q

Spermatozoa

A

product after being released into lumen of seminiferous tubule

53
Q

postnuclear cap

A

forms from manchette that attach to acrosome and neck region of sperm

54
Q

what organelle forms the axoneme

A

distal centriole

55
Q

what microtubule-based cytoskeletal structure forms the flagellum

A

axoneme

56
Q

what mechanism allows for some spermatogonia to revert back to provide continual production

A

stem cell renewal

57
Q

what hormone is responsible for negative feedback in leydig cells

A

testosterone

58
Q

what hormone is responsible for negative feedback in sertoli cells

A

inhibin

59
Q

what glycoprotein is produced by sertoli cells in response to FSH and binds to testosterone and DHT

A

androgen binding protein

60
Q

name of vital dye used for sex sorted semen

A

flourochrome

Repro (18 decks)

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