Module 11 - Female Reproductive Flashcards

Question

Folliculogenesis

Answer 1

Folliculogenesis – ovarian follicle maturation into fertilization egg Works at the same time of Oogenesis Process from Primordial to secondary follicle continues after birth

Answer 2

Preantral phase – oocyte grows and differentiates

Answer 3

Ovulatory stage – follicle is ready to release a mature oocyte

Answer 4

Steps Primordial follicle Primary follicle Secondary Follicle Puberty Tertiary follicle – Antral Ovulating follicle – Mature Follicle – Graafian Corpus Luteum

Answer 5

Primordial follicle 10-30 recruited every month – fetal till puberty Granulosa cells – small – in patches

Answer 6

Primary follicle – growth Oocyte grows within Zona pellucida forms – membrane surrounds oocyte w/in Closes oocyte to more sperm entering – only 1 Granulosa cells surround – nurture – protect

Answer 7

Secondary Follicle Oocyte bigger – primary oocyte still Zona pellucida there Granulosa cells – layers now Theca cells – develop on outside Structural support for follicle

Answer 8

Puberty Gonadotropin releasing hormone – anterior pituitary gland Gonadotropins – LH & FSH Bind to receptors on secondary follicle Stim more differentiation to tertiary follicle Estrogen is released stops other follicles from starting Stops LH and FSH One takes all remaining estrogen – Atresia – death

Answer 9

Tertiary follicle – Antral Antrum develops – space b/w oocyte and granulosa cells Lots of estrogen – brain starts LH and FSH again

Answer 10

Ovulating follicle – Mature Follicle – Graafian Starts to break down the walls around oocyte Secondary oocyte at this point – Meiosis I – Prophase Continued too Metaphase II – pauses – waits for sperm Fertilized – Meiosis II continued

Answer 11

Corpus Luteum – follicle has releases oocyte – left over tissue cells

Answer 12

Menstrual Cycle – Uterine Series of changes – Uterine lining sheds, rebuilds, and prepares for implantation Average 28-day cycle Phases Menses Proliferative Secretory

Answer 13

Menses – day 1 – Lining is shed Shedding of Stratum Functionalis of endometrium Early days of follicular phase Secondary follicle begins to develop Progesterone, FSH, and LH are low Decline in progesterone triggers shedding Degradation into corpus luteum – end of luteal phase

Answer 14

Proliferative – flow stops day 6-13 Granulosa and Theca cells of Tertiary (Antral) Follicle produce estrogen Stims endometrial lining to rebuild Follicle stims LH to trigger ovulation Ovulation marks end of phase – day 14

Answer 15

Secretory Phase – prepares for implantation In ovaries – Luteinisation – mature follicle – oocyte release – follicle turns to corpus luteum In uterus – progesterone from corpus luteum begins phase Endometrial glands secrete fluid rich in glycogen Arteries develop to increase blood for thickening of walls – stratum functionalis

Answer 16

If no preggo Corpus luteum will degrade into corpus albicans Estrogen and progesterone fall Blood reduces Endometrial tissues die – menses

Answer 17

Hormones Hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Stims Anterior Pituitary Gland to release FSH and LH Estrogen Progesterone Relaxin Inhibin

Answer 18

FSH Stims development of follicle Stims secretion of estrogen by ovaries

Answer 19

LH Stims further development of follicles Ovulation Secretion of estrogen and progesterone

Answer 20

Estrogen Preps endometrium Promotes development and maintenance of repro structures Secondary sex characteristics Breast Regulates fluid and electrolyte balance Stims protein synthesis Moderate levels inhibit hypothalamus release of GnRH

Answer 21

Progesterone Works with estrogen to prep endometrium Preps mammary glands for milk synthesis

Answer 22

Relaxin Inhibit contractions of uterus – makes it easy for ovum to implant Preggo – dilates the cervix for delivery

Answer 23

Inhibin Inhibits secretion of FSH & GnRH Decreases FSH and LH at end of uterine cycle

Answer 24

Hormonal Birth Control Birth Control contains synthetic estrogen and progestins Estrogen and progesterone suppress FSH and LH Mimic hormonal state after ovulation – tricks ovaries – ovulation has occurred Constant suppression Keeping high levels will stop FSH and LH from triggering ovulation Prevents pregnancy

Answer 25

Prevents pregnancy Stops ovulation – prevents release of eggs from ovaries Thickens cervical mucus – sperm can’t reach Thin uterine lining – fertilized egg can’t implant

Answer 26

Coitus Sexual intercourse – copulation Process where spermatozoa is deposited into the vagina

Answer 27

4 Phases Menstrual Cycle Proliferative Phase Ovulation Postovulatory Phase

Answer 28

Menstrual Cycle Small secondary oocytes begin development Stratum functionalis sheds

Answer 29

Proliferative Phase Primary follicles develop into secondary follicles Atresia for all except 1 (sometimes more) Remaining follicle develops into Graafian (Mature) Follicle Increases estrogen production w/ increasing levels of LH Endometrium repair

Answer 30

Ovulation Mature Oocyte is released from follicle LH surges Follicle becomes corupus luteum – stim’ed by LH – continued production of estrogen Helping uterus prep for fertilization

Answer 31

Postovulatory Phase – day 15-28 – secretory phase in uterus Active endometrial glands – thickening walls Anticipating implantation Fertilized by sperm Corpus luteum gives nutrients till placenta develops Secrets hormones to support preggo and breast development

Module 11 - Female Reproductive Flashcards

(55 cards)