Module 13: Blood and Blood Vessels

Question 1

Granulocytes

Answer 1

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 2

Agranulocytes

Answer 2

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Question 3

Neutrophils

Answer 3

Engulf foreign material

Question 4

Eosinophils

Answer 4

Combat allergies

Question 5

Basophils

Answer 5

Assist blood clotting

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

Produce antibodies

Question 7

Monocytes

Answer 7

Engulf large particles

Question 8

Platelets (thrombocytes)

Answer 8

Fragments of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes
Sticky and clump together forming plugs that close torn blood vessels
Lifespan is about 7 days

Question 9

Clot formation processes

Answer 9

Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation

Question 10

Platelet plug formation

Answer 10

Platelets are attracted by the collagen in the exposed connective tissue
Platelets adhere to the connective tissue and to each other (platelet plug)

Question 11

Coagulation

Answer 11

If an injury is more severe and a more stable clot is required
Coagulation factors are activated
In the presence of calcium ions, prothrombin is converted to thrombin
Thrombin then converts fibrinogen into fibrin
Fibrin threads then form a mesh that adheres to the damaged tissue and traps blood cells and platelets to form the clot

Question 12

Fibrinolysis

Answer 12

After healing has taken place, the clot is dissolved by specific enzymes that digest fibrin strands and inactivating some of the coagulation factors

Question 13

Vitamin K

Answer 13

Stimulates liver cells to increase the synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors

Question 14

Polycythemia

Answer 14

Abnormally high percentage of RBCs

Question 15

Thrombopoetin

Answer 15

Hormone produced by the liver

Stimulates platelet formation

Question 16

Transferrin

Answer 16

Fe3+ transporter

Question 17

Arteries

Answer 17

Transport blood AWAY from the heart
Walls are thicker than the walls of veins
Three layers (tunics)

Question 18

Arterioles

Answer 18

Small arteries
Regulate blood flow from arteries to capillaries
Three layers (tunics)

Question 19

Veins

Answer 19

Transport blood TOWARDS the heart
Three layers (tunics)
Because of low blood pressure in veins located inferior to the heart, veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood

Question 20

Venules

Answer 20

Small veins
Gather blood from capillaries and deliver it to veins
Three layers (tunics) except where they are located close to the capillaries; this is where they have only two layers

Question 21

Capillaries

Answer 21

Microscopic and the smallest of blood vessels
Sites for exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes products
throughout the body
No layers – only one cell thick (epithelial)
Arterial capillaries contain oxygenated blood
Venous capillaries contain deoxygenated blood

Question 22

Hemophilia

Answer 22

Inability to clot blood

Question 23

Three types of capillaries

Answer 23

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid

Question 24

Portal vein

Answer 24

Transports blood from one capillary network to another

Question 25

Systole

Answer 25

Ventricular contraction

Question 26

Diastole

Answer 26

Ventricular relaxation

Question 27

Types of shock

Answer 27

Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Vascular
Obstructive

Question 28

P wave

Answer 28

First wave

Represents the spread of the impulse from the sinoatrial node (SA node) through the walls of the atria

Question 29

QRS wave

Answer 29

Second wave

Represents the spread of the impulse through the walls of the ventricles and the recovery of the atria after contraction

Question 30

T wave

Answer 30

Third wave

Represents the recovery of the ventricles after contraction