Module 2 Terms - Water and Life

Question 1

Polar molecule

Answer 1

A molecule that has regions of negative and positive charge

Question 2

Hydrogen bond

Answer 2

The interaction between a hydrogen atom with a slight positive charge and an electronegative atom of another atom (could be oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine)

Question 3

Cohesion (in water)

Answer 3

A property of water in which water molecules tend to stick to one another

Question 4

Adhesion (in water)

Answer 4

The tendency of water to stick to materials other than water

Question 5

Surface tension

Answer 5

A measure of the difficulty of breaking the surface of a liquid

Question 6

Specific Heat

Answer 6

The amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance

Question 7

Solvent

Answer 7

Something that is capable of dissolving another substance

Question 8

Acids

Answer 8

Molecules that donate H+ ions to solutions. When there are more H+ ions than OH- ions, a solution is termed acidic

Question 9

Bases

Answer 9

Molecules that accept H+ ions and thereby remove them from solution. When there are fewer H+ ions than OH- ions, the solution is basic, or alkaline

Question 10

The pH scale

Answer 10

A way of describing how acidic or basic a solution is; ranges from 0-14. As the H+ ion concentration increases, the solution becomes more acidic and the pH decreases. When it decreases, the solution becomes more basic and the pH increases. The difference in one pH unit corresponds to a tenfold difference in H+ ion concentration

Question 11

Dehydration synthesis reaction

Answer 11

A reaction in which a water molecule is released as the covalent bond is formed. Used to synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones. Complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are all formed by dehydration synthesis reactions

Question 12

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 12

A chemical reaction that breaks down covalent bonds by adding water across the bond