Module 26 Terms - Meiosis and Genetic Diversity Flashcards
Genotype
The set of genes that an organism has
Phenotype
The set of traits that an organism expresses as a result of the genes it carries (es: hair or eye color)
Sexual reproduction
When an organism inherits its DNA from two parents
Genetic variation
The range of different genotypes found among individuals
Diploid
Possessing two sets of chromosomes, denoted as 2n
Haploid
Possessing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, denoted as 1n
Meiosis
Cell division where a diploid parent cell divides in two stages to produce four haploid daughter cells. These daughter cells are genetically different from one another and the parent cell
Sex chromosomes
Chromosomes that determine whether an individual is female or male
Autosomes
The other chromosomes in an organism that aren’t sex chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes that are similar in size and shape, and carry the same genes
Karyotype
A visual display of condensed pairs of chromosomes
Meiosis 1
The first cell division in meiosis where HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES are pulled to opposite sides of the parent cell. Once it divides, the daughter cells are haploid
Meiosis 2
The second cell division in meiosis where SISTER CHROMATIDS are pulled to opposite sides of the parent cell. The resulting daughter cells have a haploid set of chromosomes (however, the parent cells were also haploid). Meiosis 1 and 2 produce 4 daughter cells total.
Non-sister chromatids
Chromatids that are not connected by a centromere but are part of a pair of homologous chromosomes
Crossing over
When a chromatid breaks at the chiasma (cross-like overlap of chromatids) and connects to the other non-sister chromatid
