Module 7 Terms - Subcellular Compartments of Eukaryotes Flashcards
Surface area
The total amount of area of the outer surface of an object
Vesicle
Small membrane-enclosed sacs that transport substances within a cell or from the interior to the exterior of a cell
Endomembrane system
The interconnected membranes of the cell, including the cell membrane, nuclear envelope, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and the vesicles that move between them
Nuclear envelope
Defines the boundary of the nucleus. Has perforations that allow communication between the nucleus and the rest of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
An organelle that is involved in the production of proteins and lipids
Enzymes
Proteins that accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction
Golgi apparatus
Modifies and sorts proteins and lipids produced by the endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Specialized vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus that degrade damaged or unneeded macromolecules
Mitochondria
Organelles that harness energy from organic molecules, such as carbohydrates; produce ATP
Cellular respiration
A series of chemical reactions in which organic molecules such as carbohydrates are broken down and the energy stored in them is converted to ATP
Mitochondrial matrix
The space enclosed by the mitochondria’s inner membrane
Chloroplasts
Organelles that capture the energy of sunlight to synthesize simple sugars
Photosynthesis
The process of capturing sunlight to synthesize simple sugars
Thylakoids
Structures inside chloroplasts that resemble flattened sacs
Grana
Structures that are essentially groups of thylakoids
