Module 3 Terms - Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards
Functional groups
Groups of one or more atoms that have particular chemical properties, regardless of what they are attached to
Ribose
A 5-carbon sugar that is a component of RNA
Deoxyribose
A 5-carbon sugar which is a component of DNA
Disaccharide
A molecule that consists of two simple sugars held together by a glycosidic (covalent) bond. The formation of disaccharides is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction
Polysaccharide
A long chain of monosaccharides bound together by glycosidic (covalent) bonds; a complex carbohydrate. The formation of polysaccharides is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction
Complex carbohydrates
Long, branched chains of monosaccharides; polysaccharides
Cell membrane/plasma membrane
Structures that define the boundary of the inside and outside of all cells
Triacylglycerol
A lipid that is used for energy storage. Made up of glycerol joined with 3 fatty acids. A major component of animal fat and vegetable oil
Glycerol
A 3-carbon molecule with hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to each carbon
Fatty acid
A long chain of carbon atoms, called a hydrogen carbon chain, that is attached to a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end
Saturated fatty acids
Fatty acids that do not contain carbon-carbon double bonds
Unsaturated fatty acids
Fatty acids that contain carbon-carbon double bonds
van der Waals forces
An interaction of temporarily polarized molecules because of the attraction of opposite charges. These forces come into play only when atoms are very close to one another, and are weaker than hydrogen bonds
Steroid
The second type of lipid. A common steroid is cholesterol.
Phospholipid
The third type of lipid. A major component of the cell membrane that surrounds every cell. They have a glycerol backbone attached to two fatty acids and a phosphate group (that is hydrophilic). The head of a phospholipid is hydrophilic while the tail is hydrophobic
