Module 4 drugs

Question 1

(if not for the controlled status of this drug it would be our best decongestant, with the added benefit of great local anesthesia – it is still used in some ENT practices

Answer 1

4% topical cocaine (Decongestants)

Question 2

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), oxymetazoline (Afrin Nasal Spray)
*phenylephrine is widely available but marginally helpful

Answer 2

topical decongestants (without ephedrine)

Question 3

pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), but they are kept behind the counter for pharmacist supervision. Note: because it was so widely abused under the street name “herbal ecstasy”, ephedrine has been dropped from most products, occasionally you can find ephedrine still, but it is sold behind the counter with the pseudoephedrine.

Answer 3

non-OTC oral decongestants

Question 4

diphenhydramine (Benadryl), brompheniramine, (Dimetane), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), promethazine (Phenergan)

Answer 4

1st generation anithistamines

Question 5

loratadine (Claritin).

Answer 5

2nd gen antihistamine

Question 6

fexofenadine (Allegra), cetirizine (Zyrtec).

Answer 6

3rd gen antihistamines

Question 7

Singulair (montelukast)

Answer 7

Leukotriene rc blocker

Question 8

beclomethasone (Beconase), triamcinolone (Nasacort),
fluticasone (Flonase), mometasone (Nasonex) – as with all “real” corticosteroids, all of these are prescription drugs;
*the only OTC corticosteroid is the weak, weak 1% hydrocortisone found in some dermatologic preparations.

Answer 8

Corticosteroids –for intranasal admin

Question 9

beclomethasone

Answer 9

Beconase

Question 10

triamcinolone

Answer 10

Nasacort

Question 11

fluticasone

Answer 11

Flonase

Question 12

mometasone

Answer 12

Nasonex

Question 13

montelukast

Answer 13

Singulair

Question 14

fexofenadine

Answer 14

Allegra

Question 15

cetirizine

Answer 15

Zyrtec

Question 16

loratadine

Answer 16

Claritin

Question 17

diphenhydramine

Answer 17

Benadryl

Question 18

brompheniramine

Answer 18

Dimetane

Question 19

chlorpheniramine

Answer 19

Chlor-Trimeton

Question 20

promethazine

Answer 20

Phenergan

Question 21

pseudoephedrine

Answer 21

Sudafed

Question 22

phenylephrine

Answer 22

Neo-Synephrine

Question 23

oxymetazoline

Answer 23

Afrin Nasal Spray

Question 24

Cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom – also available in a solution that can be nebulized (made into a mist and inhaled) for the lungs (more about this in Chapter 15).

Answer 24

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Question 25

A good side effect of many antihistamines is their tendency to have an antinausea effect. Only some of the 1st generation drugs are used for this purpose: diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Phenergan. •dextromethorphan or “DMX” (Robitussin) is a synthetic non-addicting opioid-like drug, while morphine, codeine, and hydrocodone (Hycodan) are all schedule III narcotics •guaifenesin is the most popular OTC expectorant

Answer 25

Antitussives & Expectorants

Question 26

clotrimazole (Mycelex), nystatin (Mycostatin) given as a “swish and swallow” liquid for thrush infections of the mouth

Answer 26

Antifungals

Question 27

Oral antibiotics include: penicillin VK, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (Biaxin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Some antibiotics are too toxic for routine oral administration, so they are used mainly in topical preparations for outer ear infections: chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin Otic Drops), Neosporin (a topical combination of neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B), Bactroban (mupirocin), Floxin (ofloxacin otic solution).

Answer 27

Antibiotics

Question 28

Cerumenex Ear Drops, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); local anesthetics (LAs) like benzocaine and lidocaine (Xylocaine – 4-10%); salt water (Ocean Spray); silver nitrate; Vicks VapoRub

Answer 28

miscellaneous ENT drugs

Question 29

Allegra-D, Claritin-D, NyQuil, Otobiotic Otic

Answer 29

Combination ENT drugs

Question 30

the “D” stands for decongestant: fexofenadine plus the Decongestant pseudoephedrine

Answer 30

Allegra-D

Question 31

loratadine plus the Decongestant pseudoephedrine

Answer 31

Claritin-D

Question 32

phenylephrine, doxylamine, dextromethorphan, acetaminophen

Answer 32

NyQuil

Question 33

hydrocortisone, polymyxin B

Answer 33

Otobiotic Otic

Question 34

to soften earwax

Answer 34

Cerumenex Ear Drops

Question 35

``` sodium channel blockers, used to keep nerve transmissions from going down the nerves. * Popular ones for ENT are benzocaine (topical local anesthetic for ear, mouth, nose and throat preparations) and lidocaine (Xylocaine – 4-10%) - notice how concentrated it is when used topically vs. the 1-2% when given by injection for dental procedures. ```

Answer 35

(LAs) Local Anesthetics

Question 36

salt water as in Ocean Spray – there is no drug effect, but it is used to irrigate the sinuses.

Answer 36

saline

Question 37

cautery sticks used for cauterizing nosebleeds and cuts in shaving

Answer 37

silver nitrate

Question 38

mentholated (eucalyptus oil) based | petroleum jelly

Answer 38

Vicks VapoRub

Question 39

clotrimazole: given as a “swish and swallow” liquid for thrush infections of the mouth

Answer 39

Mycelex

Question 40

nystatin: given as a “swish and swallow” liquid for thrush infections of the mouth

Answer 40

Mycostatin

Question 41

penicillin VK, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (Biaxin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Answer 41

oral antibiotics

Question 42

chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin Otic Drops), Neosporin (a topical combination of neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B), Bactroban (mupirocin), Floxin (ofloxacin otic solution)

Answer 42

used mainly in topical preparations for outer ear infections | *too toxic for routine oral administration

Question 43

clarithromycin

Answer 43

Biaxin

Question 44

ciprofloxacin

Answer 44

Cipro

Question 45

Chloromycetin Otic Drops

Answer 45

chloramphenicol

Question 46

a topical combination of neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B

Answer 46

Neosporin

Question 47

mupirocin

Answer 47

Bactroban

Question 48

ofloxacin otic solution

Answer 48

Floxin

Question 49

Cromolyn sodium: | also available in a solution that can be nebulized (made into a mist and inhaled) for the lungs

Answer 49

NasalCrom

Question 50

dextromethorphan or “DMX”: | a synthetic non-addicting opioid-like drug

Answer 50

Robitussin

Question 51

morphine, codeine, and | hydrocodone (Hycodan)

Answer 51

schedule III narcotics

Question 52

the most popular OTC expectorant

Answer 52

guaifenesin