Module 4 Drugs Part 2 Flashcards by Natalie Cutler

Sympathomimetic bronchodilators–beta 2 agonists:

epinephrine - ephedrine - isoproterenol (Isuprel) - albuterol (Proventil MDI) - formoterol and salmeterol

“Front door” bronchodilators

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Parasympatholytic bronchodilators–anticholinergic:

ipratropium (Atrovent)

“Back door” bronchodilators

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Xanthine & methylzanthine bronchodilators:

caffeine - theobromine & theophylline - coffee - chocolate - green & black tea

“Side door” bronchodilators

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diphenydramine (Benadryl) - cholopheniramine (Chor-Trimeton) - promethazine (Phenergen)

1st gen Antihistamines–used often now for sleep meds, etc

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Claritin (loratadine)

2nd gen Antihistamine–only one still used

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Allegra (fexofenadine) & Zyrtec (cetirizine)

3rd gen Antihistamines

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Inhibiting these eicosanoids in the AA pathway helps reduce inflammation
I.e. SIngulair (montelukast)

Leukotriene rc blockers

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Cromolyn sodium–formulated as a liquid nebulizer (inhalation)

Mast Cell Stabilizers

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Receiving weekly shots of pregressively higher concentrations of theallergenes a person is allergic to in order to buildup blocking IgG antibodies (for the IgE antibodies)

Desensitization shots for immunotherapy

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beclomethasone (Vanceril MDI), fluticasone (Flovent MDI) & triamcinolone (Azmacort MDI)

Inhaled corticosteroids

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Codeine & all other opioids - DMX/dextromethorphan (Robitussin) - (morphine, codeine, and hydrocodone) - Phenergan (promethazine–used in the Robitussine line)

Antitussives

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The most popular OTC expectorant/mucolytic; thins mucous and helps it be coughed up

guaifenesin

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Pen VK - amoxicillin - clarithromycin (Biaxin) - azithromycin (Zithromax) - ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Oral antibiotics

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systemic drugs (to be used in lungs):-
fluconazole (Diflucan) - terbinafine (Lamisil)

Pulmonary antifungals

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Oral drugs Relenza & Relenza - TIV (influenza vaccine)

Antiviral agents

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Nicotine gum - nicotine patch - the antidepressant bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin) - Chantix (varenicline)

Anti-smoking drugs

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A miscellaneous drug: a surfactant extracted form ground-up cow lungs used to treat lung disease of premature infants (hyaline membrane disease)

Survanta

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Ortho tri-cyclin - Enovid - Lybrel - Yaz -

Oral Contraceptives

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a triphasic pill also approved for acne treatment

Ortho tri-cyclin

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the first oral contraceptive marketed in the U.S.

In 1960 was progestin-only drug

Enovid

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the only OC approved for eliminating periods

Lybrel

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the only OC approved for treatment of PMDD and moderate acne

*new estrogens have 7x the risk of stroke as older COCPs

Yaz

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1 type estrogen and 1 type of progesterone

Monophasic

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1 type of estrogen and 2 types of progesterone

Biphasic

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1 type of estrogen and 3 types of progesterone

Triphasic

the high dose, progestin-only drug used for emergency contraception (contains the 2nd generation progestin 'levonorgestrel')

Plan B

Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone) - Ortho Evra - NuvaRing - IUDs- Norplant system

Non-oral contraceptives

monthly injections; progestin-only

Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone)

transdermal patch contraceptive

Ortho Evra

a flexible plastic vaginal ring that releases a low dose of combined progestin and estrogen over 3 weeks

NuvaRing

IUDs - Norplant system

Implantable contraceptive devices

silicone impregnated implant: 1 or 2 small devices placed under the skin that emit a progestin drug; good for 3 years

Norplant system

Drugs that cause a medical abortion (vs. a surgical/suction/vaccum abortion)

Abortifacients

an abortifacient: a potent antiprogesterone drug that causes powerful uterine contractions - developed in France - also called RU-486

mifepristone (Mifeprex)

Premarin - ethinyl estradiol or E2

MHT--menopausal hormone therapy: | post-menopausal estrogen replacement

a mixture of conjugated estrogens isolated from equine sources

Premarin

the main (natural) female estrogen

ethinyl estradiol or E2

synthetic progesterone-like drugs

Progestins

natural progesterone

the main female progestogen

progesterone - Provera (medroxyprogesterone) - megestrol (Megace) -levonorgestrel - drospirenone

Progestogens & Progestins

Provera (medroxyprogesterone)

a synthetic progestin

a progestin for the treatment of wasting syndrome

megestrol (Megace)

the 2nd generation progestin used for emergency contraception brith control pills (Plan B)

levonorgestrel

4th generation progestin used in Yaz

drospirenone

Calcium supplements - MHT with conjugated estrogen (Premarin) - alendronate (Fosamax) - SERMs: Evista (raloxifene)

Drug therapy for osteoporosis

most calcium supplements are combined with ____

Vitamin D

bisphosphonates that inhibit bone resorption by suppressing osteoclastic activity in the bone

alendronate (Fosamax)

selective estrogen rc modulators--SERMs

Evista (raloxifene)

vaginal yeast infections - bacterial vaginosis (BV) -

disturbances of vaginal flora

clotrimazole (Gyne-lotrimin) - miconazole (monistat) nystatin (Mycostatin)

drugs to treat yeast infections

infection of the vagina caused by anaerobic bacteria

BV-bacterial vaginosis

oral metronidazole (Flagyl) - metronidazole gel (MetroGel - clindamycin (Cleocin) oral or vaginal ovules

antibiotics to treat BV

Sulfas: sullfanilamide & combo drugs trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS, Septra DS)

standard antibacterials for uncomlicated, non-recurent UTIs

sulfa drugs - penicillins - cephalosporins - fluoroquinolones - macrolides - tetracyclines - nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) - the aminoglycoside gentamicin - cranberry juice

drugs to treat UTIs & STIs

ampicillin, amoxicillin, Pen G, procaine penicillin (Bicillin--a long acting injectable

penicillin drugs for UTIs/STIs

cephalexin (Keflex) - ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

cephalosporins for UTIs/STIs

ciprofloxacin (Cipro) - levofloxacin (Levaquin)

Fluoroquinolones for UTIs/STIs

erythromycin (EES) - azithromycin (Zithromax)

Macrolide antibiotics for UTIs/STIs

minocycline (Minocin)

tetracycline antibiotic for UTIs/STIs

drug used for prophylaxis of UTIs

nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)

drug for severe kidney infections

the aminoglycoside (gentamicin)

contains tannins (proanthrocyanidins) with proven benefits for UTIs

cranberry juice

acyclovir (Zovirax) - Famvir (famciclovir) - Gardasil vaccine

antiviral agents for STIs caused by Herpes Simplex Virus

comes in both topical preparations for cold sores and oral preoparations for genital herpes

acyclovir (Zovirax)

A better choice for once/day antiviral therapy; more convenient

Famvir (famciclovir)

the vaccine for the prevention of HPV genital warts in men and women ad prevention of cervical cancer in women

Gardasil

a urinary analgesic and OTC remedy that will relieve symptoms but not treat the underlying infection; should only be used temporarily

Pyridium (phenozopyridine)

anticholinergic drugs like Ditropan (oxybutynin) & Vesicare--to treat "leaking pipes"

antispasmodic drugs for urinary incontinence or overactive bladder

Viagra (sildenafil) - Cialis (tadalafil) - Levitra (vardenafil)

PDE5 inhibitors for ED-erectile dysfunction

Module 4 Drugs Part 2 Flashcards

(69 cards)