module 6 autonomics

Question 1

sympathetic innervation

Answer 1

neurons arise in thoracic, lumbar regions

short preganglionic neurons, long post

Question 2

parasympathetic innervation

Answer 2

neurons arise in cranial, sacral regions

long preganglionic neurons, short post

Question 3

sympathetic neurotransmitters

Answer 3

preganglionic: acetylcholine: nicotinic receptors
postganglionic: norepi or acetylcholine: adrenergic or muscarinic receptors

Question 4

parasympathetic neurotransmitters

Answer 4

preganglionic: acetylcholine: nicotinic receptors
postganglionic: acetylcholine: muscarinic receptors

Question 5

nicotinic ACh receptors

Answer 5

stimulated by ACh
PSNS postganglionic neurons
SNS preganglionic and postganglionic sweat glands
neuromuscular junction

Question 6

muscarinic receptors

Answer 6

sweat glands: stimulated by ACh

tissues innervated by PSNS: stimulated by ACh

Question 7

adrenergic receptors

Answer 7

stimulated by norepi

a- and B- receptors on tissues (except sweat glands) innervated by SNS

Question 8

Catecholamines

Answer 8

dopamine
norepinephrine
epinephrine
MAOI

Question 9

sympathomimetic drugs: nonselective adrenoreceptor agonists

Answer 9

norepi
epinephrine
dobutamine

Question 10

sympathomimetic

Answer 10

activate adrenergic receptors

Question 11

adrenoreceptor

Answer 11

stimulated by epi or norepi

Question 12

a1 selective agonist

Answer 12

work post-synaptic

Question 13

a2 selective agonist

Answer 13

work on auto-receptor for negative feedback

Question 14

sympatholytics

Answer 14

block activation of adrenergic receptors

Question 15

a-agonist

Answer 15

a1 > a2&raquo_space;» B

Question 16

mixed a- and B agonists

Answer 16

Norepi
- a1 = a2
- B1 >> B2
Epi
- a1 = a2
- B1 = B2

Question 17

a1 sympathomimietic effect vascular smooth muscle

Answer 17

contraction

Question 18

a1 sympathomimetic effect pupillary dilator

Answer 18

contraction (dilates pupil)

Question 19

a1 sympathomimetic effect pilomotor smooth muscle

Answer 19

erects hair

Question 20

a1 sympathomimetic effect prostate

Answer 20

contraction

Question 21

a1 sympathomimetic effect heart

Answer 21

inc. force of contraction

Question 22

a2 sympathomimetic effect platelets

Answer 22

aggregation

Question 23

a2 sympathomimetic effect adrenergic nerve terminals

Answer 23

inhibits transmitter release

Question 24

a2 sympathomimetic effect vascular smooth muscle

Answer 24

vasodilation

Question 25

a2 sympathomimetic effect fat cells

Answer 25

inhibits lipolysis

Question 26

B1 sympathomimetic effect heart

Answer 26

inc. force and rate of contraction

Question 27

B2 sympathomimetic respiratory, uterine, vascular smooth muscle

Answer 27

muscle relaxation

Question 28

B2 sympathomimetic effect skeletal muscle

Answer 28

potassium uptake

Question 29

B2 sympathomimetic effect liver

Answer 29

activates glycogenolysis

Question 30

B3 sympathomimetic effect fat cells

Answer 30

activates lipolysis

Question 31

dopamine agonists

Answer 31

dopamine: D1 = D2 >> B >> a

Question 32

D1 sympathomimetic effect smooth muscle

Answer 32

dilates renal blood vessels

Question 33

D2 sympathomimetic effect nerve endings

Answer 33

modulates transmitter release

Question 34

agonized cardiovascular effect

Answer 34

a1: vasoconstriction -> inc. BP a2: vasodilation B1: inc. CO -> inc. BP B2: peripheral vasodilation -> dec. BP

Question 35

agonized ocular effect

Answer 35

``` Vision accommodation - a1: mydriasis; pupil dilation Regulation of intraocular pressure - a1, a2: inc. humoral outflow - B1: inc. production of aqueous humor ```

Question 36

agonized respiratory effect

Answer 36

B2: dilate bronchioles a1: dec. mucosal secretion -> decongestion

Question 37

agonized GI effects

Answer 37

a2, B2: smooth muscle relaxation -> dec. peristalsis | a2: dec. digestive secretions

Question 38

agonized GU effects

Answer 38

a1: contraction of urethral sphincter -> urinary continence B2: relaxation -> dec. urinary output a1: facilitates ejaculation B2: uterus relaxation -> inhibits labor

Question 39

Epinephrine

Answer 39

direct-acting sympathomimetic: catecholamine - a1: vasoconstriction - B1: cardiac stimulation - B2: vasodilation

Question 40

Norepinephrine

Answer 40

direct-acting sympathomimetic: catecholamine - a1: vasoconstriction - B1: cardiac stimulation

Question 41

isoproterenol

Answer 41

derict-acting sympathomimetic: catecholamine | B1: cardiac stimulation

Question 42

dopamine

Answer 42

direct-acting sympathomimetic: catecholamine - D1/D2: renal vasodilation (lower dose) - B1: cardiac stimulation (middle dose) - A1: vasoconstriction (high dose)

Question 43

direct-acting sympathomimetics: non-catecholamine

Answer 43

not inactivated by COMT longer duration of action better access into brain

Question 44

direct- acting sympathomimetic: non-catecholamine: A2 agonist

Answer 44

clonidine: CNS receptors: dec. BP | ciliary receptors: dec. intraocular pressure

Question 45

indirect-active sympathomimetics

Answer 45

enhance release of catecholamines