Flashcards in Molluscicide Deck (32):
1
What is an example of a restricted pesticide used alone or in combination with other compounds as a molluscicide?
Metaldehyde
2
Outside of North America what is metaldehyde used as?
Fuel for camp stoves.
3
What is the most common form of exposure for metaldehyde?
Ingestion of baits
4
What are 4 forms metaldehyde can come in?
- Liquid
- Powder
- Meal
- Gel/paste
5
What percentage concentration of metaldehyde is allowed in the US?
In Europe?
- 2-5%
- 50%
6
What is a polymer of acetaldehyde that is a flammable irritant?
Metaldehyde
7
Is metaldehyde soluble in water?
Poorly soluble
8
Products can release metaldehyde for how long under moderately moist conditions?
10-14 days
9
What are 4 species of animals susceptible to metaldehyde toxicity?
- Dogs
- Cats
- Livestock
- Horses
10
Which are more sensitive to metaldehyde toxicity, cats or dogs?
Cats
11
Which animals is more likely to ingest metaldehyde, a dog or a cat?
Dog
12
Metaldehyde is more toxic through what route of exposure?
Which route is more common?
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
13
In what type of environment does metaldehyde undergo acid hydrolysis to acetaldehyde?
Gastric environment
14
Where is metaldehyde readily absorbed from in the body?
GI tract
15
Does Metaldehyde cross the BBB?
Acetaldehyde?
- Yes
- Yes
16
What is an example of a molluscicide?
Methaldehyde
17
Where is metaldehyde metabolized?
Liver
18
What might decrease the toxicity of metaldehyde?
What is an example of one?
- Enzyme inducer
- Phenobarbital
19
What is acetaldehyde metabolized by?
What is it converted to?
Then what happens?
- Hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase
- Converted to CO2
- Exhaled
20
Can metaldehyde undergo enterohepatic recirculation?
Yes
21
Metaldehyde decreases brain concentrations of what 3 neurotransmitters?
- GABA
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin (5-HT)
22
If GABA is decreased, What are 2 examples of CNS signs that might occur?
- Seizures
- CNS excitation
23
How is metaldehyde responsible for the breakdown of 5-HT and norepinephrine, thus reducing their levels?
By increasing MAO
24
What are 2 GI/systemic signs that metaldehyde can cause?
- GI irritation
- Metabolic acidosis
25
What can CNS excitation lead to?
Hyperthermia
26
What is often the cause of death with metaldehyde toxicosis?
Respiratory failure
27
Dogs that survive acute metaldehyde toxicosis may develop what?
Has this been reported in cats?
- Liver failure
- No
28
The "shake and bake" seen with metaldehyde toxicosis refers to what 2 clinical signs?
- Acute neurotoxicosis
- Hyperthermia
29
Onset of clinical signs with metaldehyde toxicosis are usually seen when?
Within 3 hours
30
What are 3 GI signs that can be seen with metaldehyde toxicosis?
- Salivation
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
31
Incoordination, muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, convulsive seizures and opisthotonos are CNS signs that can be seen with what type of toxicosis?
Metaldehyde toxicosis
32