Organic Arsenicals Toxicosis

Question 1

Organic arsenicals are used as what?

Answer 1

Feed additives to improve weight gain and feed efficiency

Question 2

What are organic arsenicals used for in swine and poultry?

Answer 2

Control enteric infections

Question 3

Which organic arsenical is mainly used in swine?

In poultry?

Answer 3

• Arsanilic acid

- Roxarsone

Question 4

What are 2 potential sources for organic arsenical toxicosis?

Answer 4

• Over-dosage or prolonged use

- Recommended concentrations in debilitated, dehydrated or sick animals

Question 5

What type of toxicosis is a phenylarsonic acid derivative?

Answer 5

Organic arsenicals

Question 6

Arsenic is in what state?

Answer 6

Pentavalent oxidation state

Question 7

Are organic pentavalent arsenicals more or less toxic than inorganic arsenic?

Answer 7

Less toxic

Question 8

What is the recommended dose of arsanilic acid when used as a growth promoter in swine and poultry?

Answer 8

50-100 ppm

Question 9

What is the recommended dose of arsanilic acid when used to control swine dysentery?
How long is it given?

Answer 9

• 250-400 ppm

- 5-6 days

Question 10

What concentration of arsanilic acid causes toxicosis in swine?

Answer 10

500 ppm or 7-10 days

Question 11

What is the recommended concentration of roxarsone for a growth promoter in poultry?
In swine?

Answer 11

• 25-50 ppm

- 25-37.5 ppm

Question 12

What is the recommended concentration of roxarsone for control of swine dysentery?
How long is it given?

Answer 12

• 200 ppm

- 5-6 days

Question 13

What concentration of roxarsone causes toxicosis in swine?

Answer 13

250 ppm for 7-10 days

Question 14

What are 3 conditions that can enhance organic arsenical toxicity?

Answer 14

• Dehydration
• Water deprivation
• Renal insufficiency

Question 15

A small amount of organic arsenicals is absorbed where?

Answer 15

GI tract

Question 16

How are organic arsenicals excreted?

Answer 16

Unchanged in urine

Question 17

What is the MOA for organic arsenicals?

Answer 17

Unknown

Question 18

Organic arsenical toxicosis can cause what?

What else can cause this?

Answer 18

• Peripheral nerve demyelination and axonal damage

- Vitamin B deficiency

Question 19

Onset of acute arsanilic acid toxicosis in swine is seen in what time frame?

Answer 19

3-5 days

Question 20

Incoordination, ataxia, then partial paralysis while still maintaining a good appetite can be seen with what kind of toxicosis in swine?

Answer 20

Arsanilic acid

Question 21

Can blindness develop with arsanilic acid, roxarsone, or both?

Answer 21

Arsanilic acid

Question 22

Erythema and sensitivity to sunlight can be seen with which toxicosis?

Answer 22

Arsanilic acid

Question 23

Gradual onset of blindness and partial paralysis can be seen with which form of toxicosis, even though the pigs are still eating and drinking?

Answer 23

Chronic arsanilic acid toxicosis

Question 24

What are 4 clinical signs that can be seen with arsanilic acid toxicosis in poultry?

Answer 24

• Anorexia
• Depression
• Coma
• Death

Question 25

Sudden onset, marked hyperexcitability, tremors, collapse, coma and maybe death in swine can be seen with which organic arsenical? What is not seen?

Answer 25

- Roxarsone | - No blindness

Question 26

What are 2 clinical signs of roxarsone toxicosis in poultry?

Answer 26

- Incoordination | - Ataxia

Question 27

What lesions might be seen with organic arsenical toxicosis in swine?

Answer 27

Erythema in light-skin pigs

Question 28

What might be seen in chronic cases of organic arsenical toxicosis?

Answer 28

Muscle atrophy

Question 29

What are 3 changes that can be seen microscopically with organic arsenical toxicosis?

Answer 29

- Peripheral and optic nerve degeneration - Demyelination - Gliosis

Question 30

What are 3 specimens that can be used for chemical analysis in organic arsenical toxicosis?

Answer 30

- Suspected feed - Liver - Kidney

Question 31

What is distinctive about organic arsenical toxicosis that can be used in making a diagnosis?

Answer 31

Microscopic peripheral nerve demyelination

Question 32

What are 4 differential diagnoses for arsanilic acid toxicosis in swine?

Answer 32

- Subacute selenium toxicosis (paralysis w/o blindness) - Organic mercury (seizure) - Vitamin B complex deficiency - Infectious disease

Question 33

What are 2 differential diagnoses for roxarsone toxicosis in swine?

Answer 33

- Pesticides | - Water deprivation-sodium ion toxicosis

Question 34

Is there any specific antidote for organic arsenical toxicosis?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

What are 2 things that are done for the treatment of organic arsenical toxicosis?

Answer 35

- Withdrawal of organic arsenicals | - Supportive therapy

Question 36

How long can recovery from organic arsenical toxicosis take?

Answer 36

2-4 weeks