Motivation & Achievement motivation Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is motivation?
The drive/ need to achieve a goal
What are the types of motivation?
- intrinsic
- extrinsic
- tangible
- intangible
What is intrinsic motivation?
- comes from within the performer themselves
- participate for self satisfaction and pride of acheiving their own goals
- maintains participation and motivation for longer periods of time
- coaches should encourage performers to set personal goals
What is extrinsic motivation?
- anything recieved from an outside source
- tangible or intangible
- attracts performers to the sport initially
- useful for cognitive performers
- raises confidence
- increases participation
What are the issues with extrinsic motivation?
- extrinsic rewards may lose their value and incentive
- places too much pressure on winning
- undermines intrinsic motivation
- failure to achieve extrinsic reward leads to loss of intrinsic motivation
- used sparingly as withdrawal of reward could cause withdrawal of participation
What is intangible and tangible motivation?
- tangible you can touch it
- Eg/ trophies and certificates
- intangible you cannot touch it
- Eg/ praise and applause
What are strategies to encourage mnotivation?
- make activities enjoyable and fun
- easily achievable tasks to ensure success
- use positive role models
- use variable practice
- generate intrinsic motivation through performance goals
- continually set new challenges just within their reach
- punish lack of motivation
- use peer group pressure
- attribute success internally
What is Atkinsons model of achievement motivation?
- suggests that in a demanding situation performer willexibit need to achieve or need to avoid failure characteristics
- based on personality and situational factors
- drive to succeed minus fear of failure
What are the characteristics of a NACH performer?
- approach behaviour
- high self efficacy/ confidence
- enjoys competitions and challenge
- takes risks
- sticks with tasks until completed
- welcomes feedback
- attributes success internally
- likes an audience when performing
- likes tasks with low probablility of success and high incentive
What are the characteristics of a NAF performer?
- avoidance behaviour
- low self efficacy/ confidence
- dislkikes competition and challenge
- does not take risks, takes easy option
- gives in easily
- does not welcome feedback
- might experience learned helplessness
- attributes failure internally
- dislikes performing with audience
- likes tasks with high probability of success and low incentive
What is the achievement goal theory?
Proposes that the motivation and task presistence of a performer depends on the type of goal they set and how sucess will be measured
What is mastery in achievement goal theory linking to approach and avoidance behaviour?
- approach goal is to master a task, to learn and understand and develop, to reach self set goals
- avoidance goal is to avoid not mastering and understanding a task, to avoid not reaching self set goals
What is performance in achievement goal theory linking to approach and avoidance behaviour?
- approach goal is to outperform others
- avoidance goal is to not be outperformed by others
What is an outcome oriented goal?
Achievement goal theory
- set with a specific aim to beat
- Eg/ win a race
- if performer achieves the goal motivation and confidence increase
- it is unrealistic to expect victory in every scenarioand being defeated reduces confidence
What is a task oriented goal?
Achievement goal theory
- aim is to master a skill or improve own performance
- process more important than outcome
- Eg/ master hurdle technique, achieve a PB
- regardless of result in competition, goal can be achieved
- allows confidence to be maintained
How can you generate approach behaviour?
- ensure success by setting achievable tasks
- raise confidence by giving positive reinforcement and praise
- highlight successful role models who have similar characteristics
- attribute success to internal factors
- set achievable goals
