motivation (ch6)

Question 1

define motivation

Answer 1

internal process that initiates, directs, and sustains behaviors aimed at achieving a goal

Question 2

importance of motivation

Answer 2

1. drives individual behavior both at work and in personal life
2. influences performance, satisfaction, and overall organizational success

Question 3

theories of motivation

Answer 3

1. expectancy theory
2. goal setting theory
3. equity theory
4. psychological empowerment

Question 4

what is expectancy theory

Answer 4

motivation depends on wether you believe your effort will lead to performance and wether your performance will lead to valuable outcomes

Question 5

what is expectancy

Answer 5

effort will result in performance

Question 6

what can expectancy be hindered by

Answer 6

1. lack of necessary resources
2. lack of supportive leadership
3. low self efficacy

Question 7

what is instrumentality

Answer 7

performance will result in outcome

Question 8

what is valence

Answer 8

believing that outcome will be valuable

Question 9

types of valuable outcomes

Answer 9

1. extrinsic
2. intrinsic

Question 10

what is extrinsic

Answer 10

motivation controlled by rewards based on task performance

Question 11

what is intrinsic

Answer 11

motivation that is felt when task performance serves as it’s own reward

Question 12

what is self efficacy

Answer 12

confidence in the ability to complete a task

Question 13

what is goal setting theory

Answer 13

motivation is maximized when employees are given specific, challenging goals with feedback and commitment

Question 14

effective goals are

Answer 14

SMART

Question 15

what is SMART goals

Answer 15

specific
measurable
attainable
result based
time sensitive

Question 16

moderates that strengthen motivation (goal setting theory)

Answer 16

1. feedback: gives employees updates on how they’re doing
2. task complexity: if a task is challenging but not too hard, it keeps you engaged
3. goal commitment: if you’re really determined to reach the goal you will

Question 17

what is equity theory

Answer 17

motivation depends on how fair you think the balance is between input and output compared to other

Question 18

if input=output

Answer 18

maintain motivation

Question 19

if under rewarded input>output

Answer 19

reduced effort, less motivation

Question 20

if over rewarded input<output

Answer 20

guilt, but most won’t act upon it

Question 21

what is psychological empowerment

Answer 21

motivation comes from feeling that your work is meaningful and impactful

Question 22

what is psychological empowerment fostered by

Answer 22

1. meaningfulness
2. self determination
3. competence
4. impact

Question 23

what is meaningfulness

Answer 23

work aligns with personal values and purpose

Question 24

what is self determination

Answer 24

sense of control and choice in starting and continuing a task

Question 25

what is competence

Answer 25

belief in you ability to perform well

Question 26

what is impact

Answer 26

belief that your works makes a difference

Question 27

effect of motivation on job performance

Answer 27

high level of motivation-> high level of performance

Question 28

effect of motivation on organizational commitment

Answer 28

equity has a positive effect on motivation higher levels of equity->higher levels of effective commitment-> less normative commitment