NAS EXAM

Question 1

Define Respiratory failure

Answer 1

when gas exchange in the lungs is not occurring. Either oxygen is unable to pass freely into the lungs or CO2 is unable to pass from the blood to the lungs

Question 2

What is an infarction

Answer 2

Death of tissue due to prolonged ischemia

Question 3

what is ischemia

Answer 3

reduced blood flow to tissue/organ

Question 4

what does the vagus nerve do

Answer 4

part of the nervous system. Funtions:
- Digestion
- heart rate
- blood pressure
- respiration
- immune response
- mood regulation

Question 5

what is the function of the phrenic nerve

Answer 5

Motor innervation of the diaphragm

Question 6

where does the phrenic nerve originate

Answer 6

C3,C4,C5

Question 7

Function of the Thalamus

Answer 7

relay station

Question 8

function of the Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Endocrine system
sleep/wake cycle

Question 9

what divides the L/R hemisphere of the brain

Answer 9

longitudinal fissure

Question 10

What connects the L/R hemisphere

Answer 10

corpus callosum

Question 11

Function of the hippocampus

Answer 11

memories

Question 12

function of the pons

Answer 12

acts as a bridge between spinal cord and brain

Question 13

what is the master gland

Answer 13

pituitary gland

Question 14

why is the PG the master gland

Answer 14

master endocrine gland
responsible for regulation of adrenal and thyroid glands

Question 15

Where is CSF found in the brain

Answer 15

the ventricles

Question 16

what is the function of grey matter in the spinal cord

Answer 16

sensory neurons and motor neurons

Question 17

How much CSF is in the body

Answer 17

120ml

Question 18

What is the function of the cerebellum

Answer 18

-fine motor skills
-balance
-co-ordination

Question 19

How many lobes in the R lung

Answer 19

3

Question 20

how many lobes in the L lung

Answer 20

2

Question 21

what is the difference between the L/R bronchus

Answer 21

R bronchus is shorter, straighter, and wider

Question 22

Treatment for Nuchal cord

Answer 22

attempt to slip cord around babys neck

Question 23

Treatment for cord rupture

Answer 23

Apply additional clamps
apply direct pressure with sterile dressing

Question 24

Treatment for prolapsed cord

Answer 24

mother to adopt left lateral position, head down

Question 25

Components of Hazchem label

Answer 25

Kemler code- indicates properties of substance U.N number - identifies product

Question 26

Define Formite

Answer 26

article that has been contaminated eg pen

Question 27

Define vector

Answer 27

human or animal carrier of a disease

Question 28

Define Epidemic

Answer 28

Spread of a disease over a wider area

Question 29

Define pathogen

Answer 29

Micro-organism that can cause disease

Question 30

How many tarsals are there in the lower limb

Answer 30

7

Question 31

How many metatarsals in the lower limb

Answer 31

5

Question 32

how many phalanges in the lower limb

Answer 32

14

Question 33

Signs of a base of skull fracture

Answer 33

racoon eyes CSF from nose/ears battle signs

Question 34

what occurs with increased ICP

Answer 34

bradycardia hypertension resps slow irregular (cheyne-stokes)

Question 35

METHANE

Answer 35

Major emergency declared/standby Exact location Type of incident Hazards Access and Egress Number of casualties injured/dead Emergency services present/required

Question 36

placental abruption

Answer 36

placenta seperates from uterus wall prior to delivery of the baby

Question 37

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 37

fetus develops outside the uterus

Question 38

amniotic sac

Answer 38

the fluid filled sac that encloses the foetus as it develops

Question 39

breech birth

Answer 39

a mal presentation involving the buttocks appearing first during delivery

Question 40

limb presentation

Answer 40

a single arm/leg appears first during delivery

Question 41

treatment for face brow mal presentation

Answer 41

mother adopts position of comfort initiate rapid transport

Question 42

Treatment for shoulder dystocia

Answer 42

McRoberts position (pull knees to chest) request mum to stop pushing Manoeuvre: push anterior shoulder forward 20s push anterior shoulder backwards 20s push posterior shoulder forward 20s if delivery unsuccesful: mother on all fours with knees to chest

Question 43

Embolism

Answer 43

clot that travels

Question 44

thrombus

Answer 44

Clot that forms

Question 45

Types of stroke

Answer 45

ischaemic and haemorrhagic

Question 46

Types of haemorrhagic stroke

Answer 46

intercranial Subarachnoid

Question 47

which type of stroke gives the thunderclap headache

Answer 47

subarachnoid

Question 48

which type of stroke is most common

Answer 48

ischeamic 80%

Question 49

FLACC scale

Answer 49

0-4yrs

Question 50

Wong Baker

Answer 50

5-7

Question 51

How many Carpals are there

Answer 51

8

Question 52

how many metacarpals

Answer 52

5

Question 53

Hypovoleamic shock

Answer 53

Loss of circulating blood volume due to blood loss or dehydration

Question 54

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 54

Heart is unable to pump blood around the body eg. heart attack heart failure arrhythmias

Question 55

obstructive shock

Answer 55

Blood flow to the heart or great vessels become blocked eg. cardiac tamponade tension pneumothorax pulmonary embolism

Question 56

distributive shock

Answer 56

wide spread dilation of blood vessels causing circulating blood volume to pool in expanded vascular beds eg. Septic neurogenic anaphylactic

Question 57

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 57

5H5T Hypovolaemia Hypoxia Hypo/hyperkalaemia Hydrogen ion acidosis Hypothermia Tension pneumothorax Toxins Trauma Tamponade - cardiac Thrombus - coronary Thrombosis - pulmonary

Question 58

Contra-indications of ibuprofen

Answer 58

- <3mnths (less than 5kg) - history of asthma exacerbated by aspirin - pregnancy - Peptic ulcer disease -renal failure -severe heart failure -suspected/confirmed chicken pox -concurrent NSAID use