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Neck Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 deep cervical fascia?

A
  1. Investing deep fascial layer
  2. Pretracheal fascia
  3. Carotid Sheath
  4. Prevertebral Layer
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2
Q

What is contained in the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Platysma

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3
Q

What is contained in the Investing deep fascial layer?

A
  1. SCM

2. Trapezius

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4
Q

What is contained in the pretracheal fascai?

A
  1. Thyroid gland
  2. Parathyroid gland
  3. Trachea
  4. Esophagus
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5
Q

What is contained in the Carotid Sheath?

A
  1. Lateral - Internal Jugular Vein
  2. Medial - Common Carotid and Internal Carotid Artery
  3. Posterior - Vagus Nerve

*Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes

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6
Q

This forms the fascial floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Prevertebral Layer

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7
Q

It is a potential space bounded by deep cervical fascia

A

Retropharyngeal Space

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8
Q

Only bone that does not articulate with another bone

A

hyoid bone

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9
Q

Level of hyoid bone at cervical vertebra

A

C3

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10
Q

What are the Suprahyoid Muscles

A
  1. Mylohyoid
  2. Geniohyoid
  3. Digastric
  4. Stylohyoid
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11
Q

What are the Infrahyoid Muscles

A 
Superficial
1. Sternothyroid
2. Omohyoid
Deep
1. Thyrohyoid
2. Sternothyroid
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12
Q

what is the function of suprahyoid muscle

A

elevates the hyoid bone

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13
Q

Nerve supply of ant. belly of digastric

A

Nerve to mylohyoid V3

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14
Q

Nerve supply of post. belly of digastric

A

facial

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15
Q

Nerve supply to stylohyoid

A

facial

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16
Q

Nerve supply to mylohyoid

A

nerve to mylohyoid V3

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17
Q

Nerve supply to geniohyoid

A

first cervical nerve

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18
Q

Nerve supply to omohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3

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19
Q

Nerve supply to sternohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3

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20
Q

Nerve supply to sternothyroid

A

Ansa cervicalis C1, C2, C3

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21
Q

nerve supply to thyrohyoid

A

C1

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22
Q

Depresses the hyoid

A
  1. omohyoid
  2. sternohyoid
  3. thyrohyoid
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23
Q

Depress the larynx

A
  1. sternothyroid
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24
Q

Elevate the larynx

A
  1. thyrohyoid
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25
Composition of the anterior triangle of the neck
1. submental 2. submandibular 3. carotid 4. muscular
26
Composition of the posterior triangle of the neck
1. occipital | 2. supraclavicular
27
what is the unpaired triangle of the neck
submental triangle
28
Boundary of Submental Triangle
1. anterior belly of digastric 2. hyoid bone 3. mylohyoid (floor)
29
Boundary of Submandibular Triangle
1. anterior belly of digastric 2. posterior belly of digastric 3. mandible
30
Boundary of Carotid Triangle
1. antior SCM 2. Superior belly of omohyoid 3. posterior belly of digastric
31
Bounday of Muscular Triangle
1. ant midline of neck 2. anterior SCM 3. Superior belly of omohyoid
32
Boundary of occipital triangle
1. posterior SCM 2. Trapezius 3. inferior belly of omohyoid
33
Boundary of supraclavicular triangle
1. clavicle 2. inferior belly of omohyoid 3. post SCM
34
Contents of muscular triangle
1. sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid | 2. thyroid, parathyroid, larynx
35
Contents of the Posterior Triangle
``` 5 muscles 1. scalene anterior 2. scalene middle 3. levator scapular 4. splenius 5. omohyoid 4 arteries 1. Subclavian artery 2. transverse cervical artery 3. suprascapular artery 4. occipital artery 3 nerves 1. Accesory Nerve 2. Brachial Plexus 3. Cervical Plexus 2 veins 1. subclavian vein 2. external jugular vein ```
36
Blood Supply of Thyroid Artery
1. Superior Thyroid Artery - ECA | 2. Inferior Thyroid Artery - Thyrocervical Trunk
37
Venous Drainage of Thyroid Artery
1. Superior Thyroid Vein - IJV 2. Middle Thyroid Vein - IJV 3. Inferior Thyroid Vein - Brachiocephalic
38
Where does the pyramidal lobe usually project?
Left o the midline
39
Perentage of people with thyroidea Ima Artery
12%
40
This is the first endocrine gland to develop?
Thyroid Gland
41
When does the thyroid gland develop?
24 days after fertilization
42
Most common site of ectopic thyroid gland
Lingual
43
Primary Tumors within the oral cavitiy and lip metastasize to what lymph node
I, II, III
44
Primary Tumors within the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx metastasize to what lymph node
II, III, IV
45
Primary Tumors within the nasopharynx and thyroid metastasize to what lymph node
V
46
What cervical vertebra does pharynx becomes continuous with esophagus
C6
47
What is the shape of the pharynx
Funnel shaped
48
3 parts of the pharynx
1. nasopharynx 2. oropharynx 3. laryngopharynx
49
Content of nasopharynx
1. opening of auditory tube | 2. pharyngeal tonsils
50
Innervation of nasopharynx
Maxillary Nerve (V2)
51
Contents of oropharynx
1. palatine tonsil | 2. lingual tonsil
52
Innervation of oropharynx
Glosopharyngeal Nerve
53
Content of laryngopharynx
1. opens into larynx and esophagus
54
Innervation of laryngopharynx
1. Internal Laryngeal Nerve | 2. Vagus Nerve
55
Blood Supply of Pharynx
1. ascending pharyngeal 2. Tonsillar branches of facial 3. Branches of maxillary and lingual arteries
56
What are the outer circular layer muscles of the pharynx
1. inferior constrictor muscle a. cricopharyngeus b. thyropharyngeus 2. middle constrictor muscle 3. superior constrictor muscle
57
What is the purpose of outer circular layer muscle of the pharynx?
Porpel bolus downwards
58
What are the inner longitudinal layer muscles of the pharynx
1. stylopharyngeus 2. salhpingopharyngeus 3. palatopharyngeus
59
What is the function of the inner longitudinal layer muscles of the pharynx
Shorten and widen the pharynx
60
Outpouching of the laryngopharynx
Zenker Diverticulum
61
What is the lymph drainage of the pharynx
Deep cervical Lymph Nodes
62
What nerve can be possibly damaged during a tonsillectomy
Glossopharyngeal nerve
63
Composition of the waldeyer's ring
upper: pharyngeal tonsil/adenoids lateral: palatine and tubal tonsils lower: lingual tonsil
64
afferent limb of the gag reflex
Pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
65
efferent limb of the gag reflex
pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve
66
Where does the larynx lie?
C4 - C6
67
Unpaired laryngeal cartilages
1. thyroid 2. cricoid 3. epiglottis
68
Paired laryngeal cartilage
1. arytenoid 2. cuneiform 3. corniculate
69
How many cartilage does the larynx have
9
70
Membranes/Ligaments of the Larynx
1. thyrohyoid membrane 2. cricotracheal ligament 3. quadrangualar membrane 4. cricothyroid ligament
71
Cricoid Cartilage is what cervical area
C6
72
It is located inferior to the thyroid cartilage and superior to the cricoid cartilage. True vocal cords lie superior to it
Cricothyroid Ligament/Membrane
73
Vestibular Fold
1. fixed 2. formed by mucous membrane covering the VESTIBULAR ligament 3. vascular: pink in color
74
Vocal fold
1. movable 2. formed by mucous membrane covering the VOCAL ligament 3. avascular: white in color
75
What nerve maybe injured during ligation of the superior thyroid artery
External laryngeal nerve
76
Blood supply of larynx
1. upper - superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid artery 2. lower - lower laryngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery
77
Lymph drainage of larynx
Deep cervical lymph nodes
78
Sensory innervation above the vocal cord area
Internal Laryngeal Nerve of the Superior Larnygeal nerve of the vagus nerve
79
Nerve supply to the cricothyroid
External Laryngeal Nerve of the Superior Laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve
80
Motor Nerve supply to muscles of phonation except cricothyroid Sensory below the vocal cord area
Inferior laryngeal nerve/recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve
81
Action of Cricothyroid
Tensor
82
Action of Posterior Cricoarytenoid
Abductor (PAB)
83
Action of Lateral Cricoarytenoid
Adductor (LAD)
84
Action of Thyroarytenoid
Relaxor
85
What is the innervation of posterior, lateral cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid
Inferior/Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
86
What is the innvervation of cricothyroid
External Laryngeal Nerve
87
What muscle allow air movement through the larynx
Lateral cricoarytenoid
88
Superior laryngeal nerve lesion
1. asyptomatic 2. fibers are mainly sensory 3. if external branch - mild hoarseness/monotonous speech
89
Inferir laryngeal/ Recurrent laryngeal nerve
1. fix vocal cord and transient hoarseness
90
Which recurrent laryngeal nerve is injured more commonly
1. LEFT - because it hooks around arch of aorta | 2. right - hooks around right subclavian artery
91
Blood supply of parathyroid gland
1. superior thyroid artery | 2. inferior thyroid artery
92
Venous supply of parathyroid gland
1. supple thyroid vein 2. middle thyroid vein 3. inferior thyroid vein
93
Lymph drainage of parathyroid gland
1. deep cervical | 2. paratracheal
94
What are the cells produced by the parathyroid gland
1. chief cells - PTH | 2. oxyphil cells
95
What are the cells produced by the thyroid horone
1. follicular cells - T3, T4 | 2. Parafollicular cells - calcitonin
96
Development of the inferior parathyroid gland
3rd pharyngeal pouch
97
Development of the superior parathyroid gland
4th pharyngeal pouch
98
Development of ectopic parathyroid gland
seen in the superior mediastinum | close relationship between inferior paratyhroid and thymus
99
Muscles innvervated by ansa cervicalis
1. Sternohyoid 2. Omohyoid 3. Sternothyroid S.O.S
100
Cutaneous Branches of Cervical Plexus
1. Lesser occipital (C2) 2. Greater auricular (C2 and C3) 3. Transverse cutaneous (C2 and C3) 4. Supraclavicular (C3 and C4)
101
Muscular Branches of Cervical Plexus
1. Ansa Cervicalis (C1, C2, C3) | 2. Phrenic Nerve (C3, C4, C5)
102
Where does phrenic nerve pass
1. Posterior - subclavian vein 2. Anterior - sublavian artery 3. Lateral - common carotid artery
103
What are the zones of penetrating neck trauma
Zone 1, 2 ,3
104
It pertains to a neck trauma that includes the root of the neck and extends from the clavicles and manubrium to the level of inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
Zone 1
105
It pertains to a neck trauma that extends fro the cricoid cartilage to the level of the angle of mandible
Zone 2
106
It pertains to a neck trauma above the level of the angle of the mandible
Zone 3
107
These injures to the neck obstruct the airway
Zone 1 and 3
108
Most common zone injured in the neck
Zone 2 - vascular damage may be controlled by direct pressure

Anatomy (22 decks)

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