Spinal Cord Flashcards
1
Q
Exaggeration in the sagittal curvature in Thoracic Column
A
Kyphosis
2
Q
Exagerration in the sagittal curvature in Lumbar Column
A
Lordosis
3
Q
Lateral Deviation of the spinal cord
A
Scoliosis
4
Q
Most common part of vertebral column for scolosios
A
Thoracic
5
Q
Concave Curvature Ventrally
A
Thoracic
Sacral
6
Q
Convex Curvature Ventrally
A
Cervical
Lumbar
Sacrum
7
Q
Primary Curvature of vertebral column
A
Thoracic and Sacral
Concave Ventrally
8
Q
Secondary Curvature of vertebral colun
A
Cervical and Lumbar
Convex Ventrally
9
Q
characteristic feature of first cervical vertebrae
A
absent body
10
Q
characteristic feature of second cervical vertebrae
A
odontoid process/dens
11
Q
characteristic feature of seventh cervical vertebrae
A
long spinous process and not bifid
12
Q
Also called vertebra prominens
A
C7
13
Q
Typical Cervical Vertebra
A
C3 - C6
14
Q
Atypical Cervical Vertebra
A
C1, C2, C7
15
Q
Transverse Foramen
A
Vertebral Artery
16
Q
Atlas
A
C1
17
Q
Axis
A
C2
18
Q
Characteristic of Cervical Vertebrae
A
- transverse process have Foramen Transversarium
- Spines are short and bifid
- body is small and broad
- vertebral foramen is large and triangular
- superior articular processes have facets that face posteriorly and superiorly
- Inferior articular process face inferiorly and anteriorly
19
Q
Subclavian artery is divided into how many parts
A
3
20
Q
What divides the subclavian arrtery?
A
Scalenous anterior muscle
21
Q
First part of subclavian artery
A
- vertebral
- thyrocervical
- internal thoracic
22
Q
Second part of subclavian artery
A
- costocervical
23
Q
Third part of subclavian artery
A
None
24
Q
Heart Shaped Body
A
Thoracic Vertebra
25
Facets on the bodies of the thoracic vertebra are for
articulation with HEAD of ribs
26
Facets on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra are for
articulation with TUBERCLE of ribs
27
Characteristic of Thoracic Vertebra
1. medium size
2. heart shaped
3. vertebral foramen is small and circular
4. spines are long
5. body facet - articulation with head of rib
6. transverse process facet - articulation with tubercle of ribs
28
Characteristic of Lumbar Vertebra
1. body is large
2. kidney shape
3. pedicles are strong and directed backward
4. laminae are short in vertical dimension
5. vertebral foramina are triangular
6. transverse process are long and slender
7. spinous process are short, flat, and quadrangular; project posteriorly
29
Termination of Spinal Cord in Adult
L1
30
Termination of Spinal Cord in Newborn
L3
31
Termination of Subarachnoid Space in Adult
S2 - S3
32
Hyoid Bone
C3
33
Bifurcation of Common Carotid Artery
C4
34
Thyroid Cartilage
C5
35
Carotid Pulse Palpated
C5
36
Cricoid Cartilage
C6
37
Start of Trachea and Esophagus
C6
38
Sternal notch
T2
39
Arch of Aorta
T2
40
Sternal Angle
T4
41
Junction of Superior and inferior mediastinum
T4
42
Bifurcation of Trachea
T4
43
Pulmonary Hilum
T5 - T7
44
Inferior Vena Cava hiatus
T8
45
Xiphysternal Joint
T9
46
Esophageal Hiatus
T10
47
Aortic Hiatus
T12
48
Duodenum
T12 - L1
49
Celiac Artery
T12
50
Upper pole of left kidney
T12
51
Superior Mesenteric Artery
L1
52
Upper pole of right kidney
L1
53
End of spinal cord in adult and pia mater (conus medullaris)
L1
54
Renal Artery
L2
55
End of spinal cord in newborn
L3
56
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
L3
57
Umbilicus
L3
58
Iliac Crest
L4
59
Bifurcation of Abdominal Aorta
L4
60
Sacral Promontory
S1
61
End of dural sac, dura, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, and CSF
S2
62
End of sigmoid colon
S3
63
Spinal cord of embryo
entire length of vertebral canal
64
Spinal cord of 6 months
S1
65
White Matter of Cervical
1. Fasciculus Cutaneous
| 2. Fasciculus Gracilis
66
Gray Matter/Lateral Horn of Cervical
Absent
67
White Matter of Thoracic
1. Fasciculus Cutaneous (T1 - T6)
| 2. Fasciculus Gracilis
68
Gray Matter of Thoracic
Present
69
White Matter of Lumbar
1. Fasciculus Gracilis
70
Gray Matter of Lumbar
Present
71
White Matter of Sacral
1. Fasciculus Gracillis
72
Gray Matter of Sacral
Absent
73
Propioception lower part of the body
Fasciculus Gracillis
74
Propioception upper part of the body
Fasciculus Cuneatus
75
Ascending Tract of Spinal Column
1. Dorsal/Posterior Column
| 2. Spinothalamic Tract
76
Lesion in Dorsal/ Posterior Column
1. Same side
2. Propioception
3. Fasciculus Gracillis and Cuneatus
77
Types of lesion in the spinothalamic tract
1. Anterior STT
| 2. Lateral STT
78
Anterior Spinothalamic tract lesion
1. touch
| 2. pressure
79
Lateral Spinothalamic tract lesion
1. temperature
| 2. pain
80
Descending Tract of Spinal Column
1. lateral corticospinal (UMNL)
2. rubrospinal
3. lateral reticulospinal
4. medial reticulospinal
5. vetibulospinal
6. tectospinal
7. anterior corticospinal
81
Lesion in the descending tract of spinal column
above decussation - opposite side
| below decussation - same side
82
1. Progressive cavitation around central canal
| 2. BILATERAL loss of pain and temperature sensation in hands and forearm
Syringomtelia
| Central cord
83
Attack on anterior horn cells leading to LMNL
| No sensory loss
Poliomyelitis
84
1. Caused by neurosyphilis
| 2. Degeneraation of Dorsal Column (loss of vibration and position sense)
Tabes Dorsalis
| Posterior Cord
85
1. Pure motor disease
2, degeneration of anterior horn cells and corticospinal tract
3. no sensory loss
AML - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
86
1. vitamin B12 deficiency
| 2. degeneration of posterior and lateral columns
Subacure combined degeneration
87
Spinal Cord hemisection
Brown sequard syndrome
88
Feature of Brown Sequard Syndrome
1. contralateral loss of pain and temperatur
2. Ipsilateral loss of proprioception
3. ipsilateral manifestation of upper and lower motor neuron lesion
89
Signs of Injury in Lemniscal Pathway
1. Inability to recognize limb position
2. astereognosis
3. loss of 2 point discrimination
4. loss of vibration sense
5 + romberg sign
90
Lateral Medullary/ PICA syndrome/ Alternating Sensory Loss
Wallenberg
91
Millard Guber
Pons
92
Claude
Midbrain
93
Weber
Midbrain
94
Bilateral cervical spinal cord damage
| C4 - C6
Quadriplegia
95
Unilateral spinal cord lesion in THORACIC level; result in paralysis of the ipsilateral lower extremity
Monoplegia
96
Bilateral spinal cord lesion in THORACIC level; result in paralysis of bilateral lower extremity
Paraplegia
97
Lumbar Puncture Process
SSS I LED AS
98
Herniation in Cervical Intervertebral Disc
C5 - C6
| C6 - C7
99
Herniation in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
L4 - L5
| L5 - sacrum
100
Spina Bifida Oculta
L5 - S1
| presence of dimple with tuft of hair
101
Spina Bifida Cystica
1. spina bifida with meningocele
2. spina bifida with meningomyelocele
3. spina bifida with myeloschisis
102
superficial muscle of the back
connected with shoulder girdle
103
intermediate muscles of the back
involved with movements of the thoracic cage
104
deep muscles of the back
1. Superficial - erector spinae
2. Intermediate - Transversospinalis
3. Deep - interspinalis; intertransversarii
105
Traingle of auscultation
1. latissimus dorsi
2. trapezius
3. medial border of scapula
Breath sounds are best heard
106
Lumbar Traingle of Petit
1. External oblique abdomen
2. latissimus dorsi
3. iliac crest
Site of Lumbar Hernia
