Neoplasia I

Question 1

What is the definition of neoplasia?

Answer 1

A clonal proliferation of cells that is uncontrolled and excessive.

Question 2

What is the definition of a benign tumor?

Answer 2

Neoplasm that grows without invading usually well circumscribed.

Question 3

What is the definition of a malignant tumor?

Answer 3

Neoplasm that invades and spreads to distant sights.

Question 4

What is the definition of an intermediate tumor?

Answer 4

Locally invasive but doesnt have the tendancy to metastasis.

Question 5

What is Hyperplasia?
Meta plasia?
Dysplasia?

Which of these are reversible?

Answer 5

Hyperplasia is increased cell numbers
Metaplasia is one adult cell type replaced by the other often due to irritation.
Dysplasia is the abnormal gorwth with loss of cellular orientation.

all of these are reversible

Question 6

What is Anaplasia?
Neoplasia
Desmoplasia?

Which of these are reversible?

Answer 6

Anaplasia is loss of structural differentation and function of cells resembling primitive cels of the same tissue. Think “Giant Cells with single large or multi nuclei”

Neoplasm = uncontrolled growth

Desmoplasia is fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm

None of these are reversible.

Question 7

What does the Parenchyma do?

Answer 7

Is responsible for the biological behavior of the tumor.

Question 8

What do tumors derive there name from?

Answer 8

The parenchyma composed of the monoclonial neoplastic cells.

Question 9

What is the Stroma responsible for?

Answer 9

Responsible for the growth and spread of the tumor and can be rated Hard, Soft, or Rubbery.

Question 10

What are Benign glands ad epithelial cells called?

Answer 10

Adenoma
And
Papilloma

Question 11

What are malignant epithelial cells called?

Malignant mesenchymal tissue?

Answer 11

Carcinoma

and

Sarcoma suffix added

Question 12

Whats the name used for a benign tumor from a smooth muscle cell?

Answer 12

Leiomyoma

Question 13

What is a cystadenoma?

Answer 13

An adenoma with cavities or cysts

Question 14

What sort of tumor is papilloma?

Answer 14

This is a benign tumor which produced finger-like warty projections from the epithelium in the bladder, or skin.

Question 15

What is the difference of origin between leukemia and lymphoma?

Answer 15

Leukemias come from hematopoietic cells

Lymphomas originate from the lymphoid tissues

Question 16

Describe Lymphoma

Answer 16

Malignant tumor from the lymph nodes or lymph tissue. Most non Hodgkins lymphoma with the stomach being the most common extranodal site.

Question 17

Describe Leukemia

Answer 17

Malignant tumor from the bone marrow stem cells

Question 18

What is the most common childhood leukema and malignant tumor?

Answer 18

ALL

Acute Lymphoid

Question 19

What is a Teratoma?

Answer 19

Tumor composed of more than one parenchymal cell type derived from more than one germ layer.

However, all these cells arise from one single clone capable of producing all these cell types.

Question 20

What is the difference between a mature teratoma and an immature teratoma?

Answer 20

MAture teratoma is a benign condition

An immature teratoma is a malignant condition “Teratocarcinoma”

Question 21

What are some of the malignant tumors that break the rule and have the suffix oma

Answer 21

Melanoma
Lymphoma
Seminoma
Hepatoma
Astrocytoma

Question 22

What are some of the Non-neoplastic lesions with the suffix oma?

Answer 22

Granuloma
Hematoma
Hamartoma
Choristoma

Question 23

What four carcinomas break the rule by traveling hematogenously instead of the normal lymphatic travel?

Answer 23

Renal cell CA often invading the renal vein
Hepatocellular CA often invades hepatic vein
Follicular CA of thyroid
Choriocarcinoma

Question 24

What is the definition of Choristoma?

Answer 24

Ectopic rest of normal tissue / normal tissue in a foreign location.
This is not a tumor!

Question 25

What is the definition of a Hamartoma?

Answer 25

Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesion with disorganized and haphazard growth of tissues normally found at a given site.

Examples: Pulmonary hamartoma, Peutz-Jeghers polyp

Question 26

What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

Answer 26

A hereditary intestinal polyposis syndrome (type of hamartoma)

Autosomal dominant genetic disease charactertized by the development of benign hamartamatous polyps in the GI tract + hyperpigmented macules (lips + oral mucosa)

Question 27

When looking at Neoplasms and Non-neoplastic proliferations, which are monoclonal and which are polyclonal?

Answer 27

All neoplasms are monoclonal both benign and malignant.

Non-neoplastic proliferations are polyclonal (derived from multiple cells)

Question 28

What are the four criteria used to determine benign or malignant?

Answer 28

Rate of growth
Differentiation
Local invasion
Metastasis