Neoplasia II Flashcards
What are the three proangiogenic factors produced by tumor cells?
VEGF
bFGP (Basic FGF)
HIF
What anti-angiogenic factors are produced?
Thrombospondin-1
Angiostatin
Endostatin
Tumstatin
At what size will a mass be clinically detectable?
How many Doubling times must it undergo to reach this size?
1g occurs typically after 30 doublings.
What is the maximum tumor size that is compatible with life and how many doublings does this typically require?
1 kg
Typically seen after 40 doublings.
Cells that do not differentiate are what sort?
Typically are malignant types
What are the indicators of cell proliferation?
Ki-67 or PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen)
Malignant neoplasms typically possess large number of mitoses.
Which cell types are most susceptible to chemotherapy and radiotherapy?
Which are resistant?
Cancers that have rapid growth are highly susceptible to chemotherapy.
In counter,
Cancers with slow growth are typically resistant to therapy.
What is desmoplasia?
What are some scenarios in which this is seen?
Increased growth of the stroma (and less of the parenchyma) resulting in an increase in fibroblasts and collagen production in the stroma.
Ex: Breast cancer, Prostate cancer, cholangiocarcinoma.
What is anaplasia?
Lack of cellular differentiation in cancers.
Cancer does not appear as the original at all.
What types of cells specifically cannot differentiate?
Do benign or malignant cells have more differeniation?
Cells that are still within the cell cycle cannot differeniate!
Malignant tumors tend to differentiate much more (20-80%)
than Benign tumors (1-10%)
What is a hallmark for a high grade malignant tumor?
Anaplasia
There is no relation to the original tissue at all and it is highly metastatic.
What is dysplasia?
The thickening of an organ typically due to loss of polarization.
This is not cancerous, and doesnt always lead to cancer.
Bizzare tumor giant cells are a linical feature of what condition?
Clinical feature of malignant anaplasia seen in pleomorphism/hyperchromasia.
What occurs during cancer cell detachment?
Breakdown of E-cadherin from adjacent cells.
What do cancerous cells break in the attachment to the matrix component?
Break the laminin receptor/Laminin connection.
