Neoplasia III

Question 1

The expression of what surface protein aids in metasis?

Answer 1

CD-44 expression on tumor cells seems to aid in the metastisis of tumor cells.

Question 2

What cancer type is mostly likely to metastasis through the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

This is mostly seen in carcinomas
= Malignant epithelial cell derived cells.

Eventually these will become hematogenous after traveling through the lymphatics.**

Question 3

What is the sentinel lymph node?

Answer 3

The first lymph node where the cancer is most likely to metastasize to.

Question 4

What are the four types of carcinomas that may spread

Answer 4

"Hella Fast Race Car"
Hepatocarcinoma
Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
Choriocarcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma.

Question 5

When observing multiple mass lesions with central areas of umbilication due to ischemia infarction you should be thinking of what?

Answer 5

Should be a dead give away of a metastatic tumor in the liver.

Question 6

If there is cancer in the lung, is it more or less common that the cancer arose primarily in the lung?

Answer 6

It is more likely that the cancer migrated to the lung due to lymphatics.

Question 7

the vertebral column is the most common site for what type of cacinoma metastasis?

Answer 7

Most common site for bony metastasis due to the Batson paravertebral venous plexus.

Question 8

What is the most common side effect of bone metastasis and how is it treated?

Answer 8

Typically is noted as a painful metastasis

Best treated with local radiation!

Question 9

When thinking of hematogenous spread, what sorts of cancers travel in this way?

Answer 9

Typically seen in Sarcomas more than carcinomas although late carcinomas will spread hematogenously.

Question 10

Which vessels are easier to penetrate for metastisis and what are often the targets of hematogenously spread sarcomas?

Answer 10

Arteries are much more difficult to penetrate, typically these cancer cells will target the lungs and the liver.

Question 11

What is unique about Rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 11

It is a unique type of Sarcoma as it locally invades rather than spreads via the blood.

Question 12

Describe what is found clinically in osteoblastic metastasis?

Answer 12

Radio dense loci on x-ray

Increased serum phosphatase (bone growth)

Question 13

What is the most common type of cancer that leads to osteoblastic metastisis?

Answer 13

Prostate cancer.

Question 14

Osteolytic metastasis displays what sort of imaging on X-ray?

Answer 14

Displays lcencies in the bone on X-ray (Path fractures)

Question 15

What tumor produced factors activate osteoclasts in osteolytic metastasis?

What complication can this potentially lead to?

Answer 15

PGE2
Osteoclast activating factor (IL_1)
This leads to potential hypercalcemia.

Question 16

Where does the primary tumor most likely orignate from when seeing metastasis in the brain?

Answer 16

“LUBGOM”

Lungs> Breast > Genitourinary > Osteosarcoma > Melanoma > GI.

Question 17

Where did the original tumor travel from in liver metastasis?

Answer 17

Typically from:

Colon > Stomach > Pancrease

Question 18

Where did the original tumor likely travel from in the bone?

Answer 18

Prostate > Breast > Lung > Thyroid.

Question 19

Where will stomach adenocarcinoma likely metastasize to?

Answer 19

Likely to metastasize to Virchow’s left supraclavicular node.

Question 20

Where will renal adenocarcinoma likely metastasize to?

Answer 20

Likely to metastasize to the Lung

Question 21

Where will Lung cancer likely metastasize to?

Answer 21

Likely to the adrenal glands or liver.

Question 22

When comparing stage and grading of tumors, which is a more important measurement?

Answer 22

Stage is more important hands down!

Question 23

In the staging of cancer cells, a T stage denotes what?

Answer 23

Denotes the size of the primary tumor.

Question 24

In the staging of cancer cells, the N stage denotes what?

Answer 24

The number of nodal involvement

Question 25

In the staging of cancer cells the M stage denotes what?

Answer 25

Distant metastases

Question 26

Dukes system staging is used for what?

Answer 26

For colorectal cancer staging.

Question 27

The Ann Arbor staging system is used for what?

Answer 27

Used for Hodgkin and non hodgkin lymphoma staging!

Question 28

In men, what are the top three leading causes of cancer death?

Answer 28

Lung and bronchus
Prostate
Colon and Rectum

Question 29

In women, what are the top three leading causes of cancer death?

Answer 29

Lunch and bronchus
Breast
Colon and Rectum

Question 30

In males, what are the top three most common forms of cancer?

Answer 30

Prostate
Lung
Colorectal cancers

Question 31

In females, what are the top four most common forms of cancer?

Answer 31

Breast
Lung
Colon
Rectal

Question 32

What sort of death rate regarding cancer is higher in Japan than the US?

Answer 32

Gastric cancer is higher in Japan than US.

Question 33

What sort of cancer is Arsenic likely to cause?

Answer 33

Lung, skin, angiosarcoma of the liver.

Question 34

What sort of cancer is Asbestos most likely to cause?

Answer 34

Lung
mesothelioma
GIT = Esophagus, stomach, and large intestine.

Question 35

What sort of cancer is Nickel exposure most likely to cause?

Answer 35

Nose and Lung cancer

Question 36

What sort of cancer is Radon exposure most likely to cause?

Answer 36

Lung cancer

Question 37

What sort of cancer is Vinyl chloride most likely to cause?

Answer 37

Angiosarcoma of the liver.

Question 38

Patients working in industres involving aniline dyes are likely to develop what sort of cancer?

Answer 38

Bladder cancer

Question 39

Patients are likely to contract mesothelioma under what conditions?

Answer 39

Those who work with abstesos