Neuro 1 pt2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neuro 1 pt2 Deck (20)
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1
Q

Name the Cranial nerves

A

I. Olfactory

  1. Optic
  2. Oculomotor
  3. Trochlear
  4. Trigeminal
  5. Abducent
  6. Facial
  7. Vestibulocochlear
  8. Glossopharyngeal
  9. Vagus
  10. Accessory
  11. Hypoglossal
2
Q

3 parts of the brainstem

Each part contains which cranial nerves?

A

Diencephalon/Midbrain (CN I-IV are located here)
Pons (CN 5-VIII are located here)
Medulla (CN IV-XII are located here)

3
Q

3 Brain Stem functions

A

Alertness/Sleep
All the Vital signs: BP/HR/Resp/Temp
Swallowing

4
Q

Damage to ____: they keep talking and talking, rapidly and clearly, but they can’t understand what’s going on in their environment.

A

Wernicke’s

5
Q

How many of the 2 hemispheres must be “ok” for consciousness?

A

At least one

6
Q

Left cerebellum controls what side (of your limbs)?

A

Ipsilateral: left cerebellum controls left, right controls right.
Other than this, right brain controls left side of body and vice versa

7
Q

Series of 3 Sensory neurons for cortex to get the message

A

1st order neuron: body surface stimuli to dorsal root ganglion outside spinal cord
2nd order neuron: in spinal column and decussates before ascending to Thalamus
3rd order neuron: Thalamus to cortex

8
Q

Where are UMN (upper motor neuron) lesions located??

A

Anywhere at or above the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord.

9
Q

___ are the common pathway

for all motor impulses; aka ___ stimulate all effector muscles.

A

LMN (low motor neurons)

10
Q

Define an Upper Motor Neuron

and Lower Motor Neuron

A

UMN - any motor neurons that are not directly responsible for stimulating the effector muscle.
LMN - the motor neurons that do reach and stimulate the effector muscle

11
Q

The nipples are at what spinal level?

And the umbilicus?

A

T4: nipple line
T10: umbilicus

12
Q
Ischemic/Vascular: (\_\_)
Structural: (\_\_, \_\_)
Neurodegenerative: (\_\_, \_\_) 
Immune-mediated: (\_\_, \_\_)
Trauma (\_\_, \_\_)
A
Ischemic/Vascular: (stroke)
Structural: (Tumors, hydrocephalus)
Neurodegenerative: (dementias, PD) 
Immune-mediated: (MS, MG)
Trauma (fractures, bleeds)
13
Q

Sum up neurodegenerative diseases

A

Neurodegenerative diseases get only worse and worse, there is no cure. The rate can only be slowed down with medications.

14
Q

*How can you Distinguish mononeuropathies vs. polyneuropathies? (what type of test)

A

Nerve Conduction Studies

15
Q

4 facts about Nerve Conduction Studies

A

Electrodes record conduction velocity
Amplitude indicates #functional motor units
Duration reflects range of conduction velocities in nerve
Distinguishes mononeuropathies vs. polyneuropathies

16
Q

What test is used to assess peripheral nerves?

A

Electromyography (EMG)

17
Q

4 facts about EMG

A

used to assess peripheral nerves
needles placed in muscle
records muscle electrical activity @ rest and during activity
performed 2-3 wks p proximal injury; 4-6 wks p distal injury

18
Q

Why is an EMG done 2-3 weeks after an injury, and not immediately after?

A

After an injury, the nerve will still conduct impulses normally. The damage will take several weeks to reach the other end and be noticed by the test.

the prof used a “bomb in a hallway scenario” - until the bomb reaches you, you can still get to the other end of the hallway just fine.

19
Q

EMG distinguishes a motor disorder as: (3)

A

neuropathic, myopathic, or from neuromuscular junction

20
Q

Nerve conduction studies + EMG can do what?

A

severity of nerve damage and distinguish UMN v. LMN