Neuro 1 pt4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neuro 1 pt4 Deck (24)
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1
Q

Excellent images of white matter tracts
Good for localizing eloquent areas in relations to the lesion for surgery/RT
complementary with fMRI
can see changes in white matter connectivity p ischemic or traumatic disruptions
also white matter chgs from MS, HIV, schizophrenia, metabolic & degenerative probs

A

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

2
Q

inject nuclear tagged tracer which accumulates in metabolically active sites (what test?)

A

PET - Positron Emission Tomography

3
Q

PET scan is often performed with CT or MRI to localize: (2)

A

Cancer

Dementias

4
Q

Approach to the neuro patient starts with:

A

Neurologic impression - first sight of patient

5
Q

P (of PQRST) of the neuro exam looks to distinguish:

A

UMN (central) vs. LMN (peripheral)

6
Q

Q of PQRST of neuro exam looks for quality, aka:

A

“numbness”: anesthesia vs. decr.sensation
“dizzy”:presyncope/vertigo/disequilibrium
weakness; generalized vs. motor

7
Q

Most of the time when patients say they’re weakened, they mean __.

A

fatigued

8
Q

What are trigger points?

A

pain along a specific muscle fiber, can cause headaches.

9
Q

Describe a patient with Spontaneous CSF leak

A

when they lie down they feel okay, but it hurts when they are up and walking around. The more they move, the weaker (motor) they get. When they rest they get stronger.

10
Q

Prof sez: this is most important part of the neuro history.

A

timing: acute vs. chronic

11
Q

With __, nobody knows who can be “hardly affected” or will be unable to walk in a few years.

A

MS

12
Q

Mainly concerned with weight __ with cancer, but ask about “change in weight” to keep the patient interview question open-ended.

A

weight loss

13
Q

Define True incontinence

A

they can’t feel when they need to use bathroom.

14
Q

1 Question Neurologists ask

A

Where is the lesion?

15
Q

7 places a neurlogic lesion may be:

A
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerve root
Plexus
Peripheral nerve
NM junction
end organ (esp.skin and muscle)
16
Q

Mini-Mental Exam is for grading:

How many points on this scale?

A

For grading dementia

30 point scale. 30/30 = no dementia

17
Q

Motor Grading System, I guess it rates motor abilities. How does its scale work?

A

5/5 Full strength
*4/5 Better than antigravity, but less than full
3/5 Antigravity strength only; holds posture but not to any resistance
2/5 Movement with gravity removed
1/5 Tone only or flicker of movement
0/5 Completely flaccid

18
Q

r/o meningitis: bacterial, viral, aseptic, carcinomatous
r/o SAH
unexplained coma
tx. pseudotumor cerebri & other communicating hydrocephalus dx

A

Indications to do a lumbar puncture

19
Q

standard way to do LP (position of patient, where to insert needle)

A

patient in left lateral decbutitus & fetal position, spinal needle is inserted btwn 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae, and access CSF

20
Q

Acute Bacterial Meningitis main CSF lab

A

Glucose is low, lots of neutrophils

21
Q

Viral Meningitis main CSF lab

A

Glucose is normal-less low than bacterial

Lot of lymphocytes

22
Q

xanthrochromia is

A

yellowish appearance of cerebrospinal fluid (which envelops the brain) in particular medical conditions, especially subarachnoid hemorrhage.

xanthrochromia more accurate for SAH detection than CT head if small sentinal bleed 3-4 days ago

23
Q

post LP headache can be treated with:

A

Blood patch

24
Q

An epidural blood patch is

A

surgical procedure that uses autologous blood in order to close one or many holes in the dura mater of the spinal cord, usually as a result of a previous lumbar puncture.