Neuro 1 pt8 (afternoon) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Neuro 1 pt8 (afternoon) Deck (23)
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1
Q

Most common dementia and second most common neurodegenerative d/o.

A

Alzheimer’s Ds

2
Q

Histologic Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s = (2)

A

neurofibrillary tangles

and amyloid plaques

3
Q

What part of the brain is where alzheimers affects patients? Why?

A

Hippocampus, b/c it is very important for memory

4
Q

What does the hippocampus look like?

What’s a unique feature of it?

A

“sea horse”

new neurons are continuously created, thus, has some regenerative quality.

5
Q

PET scan of normal brain compared to alzheimer’s ds brain shows there is a decreased ___ activity in Alzheimer’s

A

Decreased mitochondrial activity

6
Q

type of drug for symptomatic tx of Alzheimer’s

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

7
Q

3 cholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimers (3 FDA approved drugs to treat Alzheimers)

A

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

8
Q

small infarcts caused by blood not making it to furthest areas of the brain

A

Binswanger’s disease

9
Q

Dementia associated with cerebrovascular disease can be divided into two general categories:

A

multi-infarct dementia and diffuse white matter disease (Binswanger’s disease)

10
Q

Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR image through the lateral ventricles reveals multiple areas of hyperintensity involving the periventricular white matter

A

diffuse white matter disease (Binswanger’s disease)

11
Q

CADASIL stands for

A

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy

12
Q

A dominantly inherited form of diffuse white matter disease
Clinically, there is a progressive dementia developing in the fifth to seventh decades in multiple family members who may also have a history of migraine and recurrent lacunar stroke without hypertension. Skin biopsy may show pathognomonic osmophilic granules in the media of arterioles

A

CADASIL

13
Q

How to treat Vascular Dementia

Multi-Infarct, Binswanger’s, CADASIL

A

for Multi-Infarct & Binswangers: tx the cause (htn, carotid stenosis)
CADASIL has no tx

14
Q

The ___ clinical syndrome is characterized by visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, fluctuating alertness, falls, and often RBD.

A

DLB - Lewy Body Dementia

15
Q

what is parkinsonism?

A

similar to Parkinson’s disease, but it is caused by certain medicines, a different nervous system disorder, or another illness

16
Q

What is RBD? (a symptom of DLB)

A

REM behavior disorder - kicking, screaming, jumping out of bed

17
Q

If dementia comes after parkinsonism: ___; both DLB & PDD are considered to be two points on a spectrum

A

PDD (Parkinson’s Disease Dementia)

18
Q

Define PDD

A

Parkinson’s Disease Dementia -

19
Q

unlike early AD, relative preservation of memory, but more severe visuospatial and executive deficits is found with:

A

DLB

20
Q

begins 50s-70s (similar prevalence to AD @ that age)
impaired executive, judgement & language
behavioral symptoms predominate: apathy/no empathy, disinhibition, wt.gain/food fetishes, compulsions
Absence of insight to their condition
Spared memory, visuocontructive ability, arithmetic, navigation

A

Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)

21
Q

2 areas/categorizations of FTD (Frontotemperal Dementia)

A

Nonfluent: Broca’s area
Logopedic: Wernicke’s area

22
Q

progressive fatal neurodegenerative dz of brainstem, BG, limbic area, some cortex

A

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

23
Q

2 key parts of recognizing Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

A

oculoparesis (especially downgaze)

devel.symmetrical rigid bradykinesia c hyperext.of neck; resulting in unstable posture/jerky toppling gait and falls