Neuro 1 pt5 Flashcards Preview

Neurology > Neuro 1 pt5 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neuro 1 pt5 Deck (29)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Seizures are defined as:

A

abnl paroxysmal “electrical” hyperactivity in the cerebral cortex

2
Q

Non-brain etiologies of seizures

A

HYPO- glycemia, natremia, calcemia
HYPER- osmolar, thermia, tensive encephalopathy
Kidney- Uremia
Drug- OD, withdrawal
Heart- Global cerebral ischemia, Eclampsia

3
Q

2/3 of seizures have ___ etiology

A

idiopathic

4
Q

How to diagnose Epilepsy

A

it’s a clinical diagnose that requires >=2 seizures

5
Q

2 basic types of primary seizures

A

Primary generalized- involve both hemispheres, +Loss of consciousness
Partial Sz’s- lmtd to one area of brain, no LOC

6
Q

what type of seizure? stiffen c cry/groan, then motor fit

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

7
Q

what type of seizure? (blinking or staring 10-20 sec c abrupt start/stop as many as 50 daily) EEG

A

Absence (petit mal) seizure

8
Q

What type of seizure? <2mins, remain conscious, types include motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic

A

Simple partial seizure

9
Q

What type of seizure? 30sec to 2min, may be post-ictal, amnestic, begin either in frontal or temp lobe AUTOMATISMS

A

Complex partial seizure

10
Q

What type of seizure? start as partial sz then involve b/l hemispheres. Occur in 30% pts. c partial epilepsy. Most Sz’s in sleep are this type.

A

Secondarily generalized seizure

11
Q

What type of seizure? meso-temporal sclerosis most common cause and the “auras” are the actual sz’s

A

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

12
Q

Define Todd’s paralysis

A

focal weakness in a part of the body after a seizure.

up to 24h; lateralize to contralateral hemisphere

13
Q

4 synonyms for a fake seizure

A

Psychogenic sz
Functional sz
nonepileptic sz
pseudoseizures

14
Q

GABA is made in brain cells from __ via __

A

GABA is made in brain cells from glutamate via glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).

15
Q

__ acts as the most numerous inhibitory NT

A

GABA

16
Q

__ acts as most numerous excitatory NT

A

Glutamate

17
Q

GABA works on the NS to __ you.

Something that works against GABA-T raises __

Caffeine works on __ – it makes neurons fire more.

A

sedate

raises the seizure threshold

Glutamate

18
Q

___ inhibs GABA release. Too much gives sensation of glutamate s enough GABA

A

Caffeine

19
Q

__ is an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It inhibits nerve transmission in the brain, calming nervous activity.

A

GABA

20
Q

What AED (antiepileptic) drugs can cause SJS?

A

1st generation, older drugs: PHB/PHT/CBZ

21
Q

Most AEDs are excreted by liver. Name 2 that are RENAL excreted.
With these 2 be careful with patients with renal failure or on dialysis

A

Levetiracetam

Gabapentin

22
Q

If monotherapy fails, want to use next drug that has different __

A

different mechanism of action

23
Q

2 parts of Epilepsy surgery. when do you do it?

A

Vagus nerve stimulator
for refractory partial sz
Temporal lobectomy
Resection of single, well circumscribed lesion found on MRI located in noneloquent areas have 80% success for cure

24
Q

What is the most epileptic part of the brain?

A

Temporal lobe

25
Q

Dx: sz’s are sustained by excess excitation and reduced inhibition
Glutamate excites the NMDA receptor
GABA fails to inhibit in Sz
BP, gluc, arrhythmias, temp, due to catecholamine surge and vigorous muscle activity
Too much Glutamate, or too little GABA

A

Status Epilepticus

26
Q

During a __ seizure, the person’s muscles initially stiffen and they lose consciousness. The person’s eyes roll back into their head as the muscles (including those in the chest, arms and legs) contract and the back arches. As the chest muscles tighten, it becomes harder for the person to breathe – the lips and face may take on a bluish hue, and the person may begin to make gargling noises.

A

tonic seizure

27
Q

During a __ seizure, the individual’s muscles begin to spasm and jerk. The elbows, legs and head will flex, and then relax rapidly at first, but the frequency of the spasms will gradually subside until they cease altogether. As the jerking stops, it is common for the person to let out a deep sigh, after which normal breathing resumes.

A

clonic seizure

28
Q

__ May be only way to distinguish complex partial SE from absence nonconvulsive SE

A

EEG

29
Q

a big complication of Status Epilepticus, along with
Resp. failure/ aspiration
hyperthermia
hypotension
acidosis
may not wake up at all if too many neurons dead.

A

Rhabomyolysis