Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

COMP EXAM > neuro 2 > Flashcards

neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

end of spinal cord is at what vertebral level at brith?

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which type of Arnold-chiari malformation has symptoms at birth?

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which type of spina bifida is most common?

A

meningomyelocele

SC in the bubble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

schizophrenia is over/under pruning

A

over pruned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

autism is over or under pruning

A

under pruned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

corticobulbar tracts

A

arise from motor cortical areas and project to cranial nerves in the brainstem (contralateral inputs except facial motor has both)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hemianopsia

A

damage to one side of the visual field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the accommodation reflex is controlled by the _NS and has what three parts?

A

PNS
pupil accommodation
lens accommodation
convergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CN 1

A

olfactory: smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CN2

A

optic: vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN3

A

oculomotor: 4/6 eye muscles (AO3) and control of iris and lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CN4

A

trochlear: superior oblique

SO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CN5

A

trigeminal: sensory to the face and muscles of mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CN6

A

abducens: lateral rectus muscle (LR6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CN7

A

facial: muscles of facial expression,
efferents to salivary gland,
sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue and soft palate,
some cutaneous ear fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CN8

A

vestibulochoclear: hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CN9

A

glosopharyngeal: taste from post. 1/3 tongue,
motor control for swallowing (stylopharyngeus m.),
sensory from carotid body and sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CN10

A

vagus: parasympathetic control of viscera, sensory from epiglottis, esophagus, outer ear, and gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CN11

A

spinal accessory: trap and SCM innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CN12

A

hypoglossal: motor control of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sections of sensory portion of trigeminal nerve

A

opthalamic: eye
maxillary: mouth
mandibular: chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Jaw jerk reflex

A

test for cranial nerve 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bell’s palsy

A

facial nerve lesion leads to ipsilateral half of face paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lesion of motor cortex or corticobulbar fibers of facial nerve leads to

A

bilateral above the eye and contralateral above the eye paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
where does vestibular n. info go?
primary afferents --> cerebellum and vestibular nuclei | vestibular nuclei --> to nuclei of CN3, 4, 6 and also to spinal cod via medial and lateral vestibulospinal tract
26
function of carotid body?
detects oxygen levels on the blood (chemoreceptor)
27
CNs that have somatic sensory to outer ear
7, 9, 10
28
mixed nerves
5, 7, 9, 10
29
what detects changes in blood temperature?
hypothalamus (thermoreceptor)
30
what does the carotid sinus detect?
changes in blood pressure (mechanoreceptor)
31
what do baroreceptors detect?
blood pressure
32
visceral control centers
- brainstem: vital functions (HR, RR, blood flow) | - hypothalamus, thalamus, limbic system: modulates the brainstem
33
all preganglionic cells (both sympathetic and parasympathetic) release what NT?
ACh
34
alpha receptors and drug action
located in arterioles of peripheral smooth muscle drug: BLOCKER, decreases blood pressure
35
beta 2 receptors and drug action
located in smooth muscle of bronchi drug: AGONIST, keeps airways open
36
beta 1 receptors and drug action
located in smooth muscle of heart | drug: BLOCKER, reduces HR and contractility(BP?)
37
where does parasympathetic innervation come out of the spinal cord?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10 | lateral horns of S2-S4
38
Horner's syndrome
lesion that affects sympathetic innervation to the head | symptoms: ipsilateral eye lid drooping, pupil constriction, skin vasodilation, absence of sweating
39
which descending motor tract controls the CPG?
lateral reticulospinal
40
which lamina deals with reflexes?
lamina VII, intermediate zone, Clarke's nucleus is there in T1-L3
41
central cord syndrome presentation and common MOI
cape distribution of motor paralysis (motor pools at the level) and pain/temp loss (crossing fibers) MOI: hyperflexion or extension
42
brown squared syndrome presentation and MOI
HEMISECTION ipsilateral: paralysis below, no DCML below, no P/T at level contralateral: no P/T below MOI: gunshot or stab wound
43
anterior cord syndrome presentation and MOI
paralysis and no P/T below lesion | MOI: hyperflexion injuries, or loss of blood to anterior spinal artery
44
posterior cord syndrome presentation and MOI
DCML lost | MOI: hyperextension w/ vertebral arch fracture, penetrating would
45
conus medullaris
UMN and LMN signs | LBP, saddle anesthesia, LE spasticity, B/B dysfunction
46
cauda equina
PNS injury, no spasticity saddle anesthesia, LBP, sensory impairment, flaccid paralysis, B/B Medical emergency
47
autonomic dysreflexia
more common T6 or above | high BP, raise HOB and remove stimulus
48
basal ganglia's role in motor control
selection of motor program and inhibition of competing components
49
striatum is made of
caudate and putamen
50
where is substantia nigra located?
superior midbrain
51
lenticular nucleus is made of
putamen and globus pallidus
52
what connects the caudate and putamen in the anterior portion of brain?
(nucleus accumbens) ventral striatum
53
Which portion of substantial nigra is dark?
pars compacta
54
the direct pathway causes increase/decrease of activity.in cortex?
increased
55
the indirect pathway causes increase/decrease of activity.in cortex?
decreased
56
Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory?
inhibitory
57
How does dopamine affect the direct and indirect pathway?
direct: increases the response indirect: decreases the response
58
PD symptoms emerge when how much dopamine is left?
less than 20%
59
symptoms of PD
``` reseting tremor (pill rolling) freezing hypo/bradykinesia demenita/affective changes perseveration visuoperceptive impairment ```
60
deep cerebellar nuclei (lateral to medial)
dentate, emboliform and globose (interposed), fastgial | DONT EAT GREASY FOOD
61
where do climbing fibers come from?
olive only
62
Vestibulocerebellum... which lobe, which DCN
flocculonodular lobe, fastigial nucleus
63
Vestibulocerebellum outputs
VOR: medial longitudinal fasciculus eye-head movmenets: medial vestibulospinal tract postural reactions: lateral vestibulospinal tract
64
Vestibulocerebellum inputs
vestibular nucleus complex superior colliculus proprioceptors in head and neck
65
spinocerebellum location and DCN
vermis and intermediate hemisphere | fastigial:
66
Cerebrocerebellum (pontocerebellum) location and DCN
lateral hemisphere | dentate
67
cerebrocerebellum function
motor planning
68
spin-cerebellum function
anticipation of movements using feed-forward sensory info, modulation of limbs in space

COMP EXAM (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions