Neuro- cerebral localization

Question 1

prominent cell types of the cerebral cortex:

Answer 1

Pyramidal cells

Question 2

all pyramidal cells are _____

Answer 2

excitatory

Question 3

how many cell layers does the Neocortex contain?

Answer 3

6 cell layers

Question 4

the Archicortex contains ____ cell layers

Answer 4

3 cell layers

Question 5

where is the Archicortex is most prevalent?

Answer 5

Hippocampus

Question 6

________ fibers travel from the thalamus to the cortex

Answer 6

Thalamocortical fibers

Question 7

Where do association fibers travel?

Answer 7

from one region of the cortex to another on the same side

Question 8

Commissural fibers go where?

Answer 8

From one side to the same region of the opposite side of the cortex

Question 9

where do projection fibers travel to?

Answer 9

A) basal ganglia
B) limbic system
C) brainstem
D) spinal cord

Question 10

visual projection travel in the ____________ tract (optic radiations)

Answer 10

Geniculocalcarine tract

Question 11

T/F: a Geniculocalcarine tract contains the visual projection from one eye

Answer 11

false

• half from ipsilateral eye
• half from contralateral eye

Question 12

The occipital cortex consists anatomically of _______ layers

Answer 12

horizontal layers

Question 13

the occipital cortex is functionally organized in ______ ______ first

Answer 13

vertical columns

Question 14

an injury to the visual association cortex will lead to:

Answer 14

-visual agnosia

can see an object but cannot recall what the object is used for, or what its name is

Question 15

columns in the primary visual cortex will ______ for projections from each eye

Answer 15

alternate

Question 16

what is the role of the Primary visual cortex in image processing?

Answer 16

• Detection of edges

- some “fill-in-the-blanks”

Question 17

what is the role of the visual association cortex in image processing?

Answer 17

• Color

- stereopsis

Question 18

what does the Parvocellular system process? the Magnocellular system?

Answer 18

Parvocellular- detail & color

Magnocellular- locomotion & movement

Question 19

the Magnocellular peripheral vision system projects to where?

Answer 19

Superior parietal lobe

the “where” system

Question 20

The Parvocellular macular vision system projects to:

Answer 20

inferior temporal lobe

the “what” system

Question 21

the visual cortex is supplied by which artery?

Answer 21

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 22

the FFA (Fusiform face area) is found in the __________ gyrus

Answer 22

Ocipitotemporal gyrus

Question 23

damage to the FFA will lead to:

Answer 23

Prosopagnosia

-patient cannot recognize faces

Question 24

A loss of the parietal cortex will lead to what?

Answer 24

Loss of sensation over contralateral body

Question 25

overall function of the parietal cortex:

Answer 25

knows where everything is located and creates a plan to contact objects on and near body (you need your parietal cortex to grab your mug of coffee)

Question 26

the superior parietal lobule contains a map of the ______ ______

Answer 26

Contralateral body

Question 27

input to the Superior parietal lobule

Answer 27

Touch and vision -object location, size, shape, orientation

Question 28

function of the superior parietal lobule

Answer 28

eye and arm movement | uses the intraparietal sulcus

Question 29

what would be the affects of a lesion to the superior parietal lobule?

Answer 29

-Tactile agnosia (AKA "astereoagnosia") -optic ataxia

Question 30

what is optic ataxia?

Answer 30

loss of ability to direct hand to a nearby object

Question 31

Inferior parietal lobule: what are its inputs?

Answer 31

A) touch B) vision (the main input) - creates map of body and peripersonal space - senses object movement and self movement

Question 32

function of the inferior parietal lobule

Answer 32

- maps velocity & direction of visual objects - directs eyes toward object - assembles eye-hand movement

Question 33

a lesion of the inferior parietal lobule will lead to what?

Answer 33

Apraxia- inability to carry out learned motor act gerstmann's syndrome- Finger agnosia, can't read/write, left/right confusion

Question 34

Sensory hemineglect syndrome: where is the lesion and what does it cause

Answer 34

Lesion of the NON-dominant inferior parietal lobule | loss of map of contralateral body and world where you don't realize you have a left or right side of your body

Question 35

what are the left and right temporal lobes specialized for? medial temporal lobe?

Answer 35

Left- speech right- music medial- memory

Question 36

a lesion to the temporal lobe can cause ______

Answer 36

amnesia

Question 37

Wernicke's area is mainly involved with ______ and ______

Answer 37

speech and language | its part of the temporal lobe

Question 38

Wernicke's area is found where?

Answer 38

Posterior superior temporal gyrus

Question 39

what are the effects of a lesion to Wernicke's area?

Answer 39

free-flowing speech with no content

Question 40

the Frontal lobe: the lateral aspects are involved in ______ control

Answer 40

motor control

Question 41

the premotor area of the frontal lobe will fire during ____________

Answer 41

potential motor actions

Question 42

which artery supplies the lateral aspects of the frontal lobe? the medial aspects?

Answer 42

lateral- middle cerebral artery medial- anterior cerebral artery

Question 43

a lesion of the lateral primary motor area (frontal lobe) leads to what?

Answer 43

paralysis of CONTRALATERAL side | -mainly effects the hands

Question 44

a leasion of the lateral premotor area of the frontal lobe will lead to what?

Answer 44

contralateral paresis (weakening) of upper arm

Question 45

contralateral paralysis of the leg is the result of a lesion to the:

Answer 45

medial aspect of the primary motor area (frontal lobe)

Question 46

effects of a lesion to the MEDIAL supplementary motor area (frontal lobe)

Answer 46

A) Akinesis- cannot initiate movement B) mutism- cannot initiate speech

Question 47

T/F: a lesion of the medial supplementary motor area on the dominant side will inhibit speech

Answer 47

true

Question 48

the dorsolateral aspect of the prefrontal cortex will interact with what? what is it involved in?

Answer 48

interacts with orbitofrontal cortex involved with working memory plans motor responses

Question 49

T/F: the dorsolateral aspect of the prefrontal cortex receives input from the parietal lobe only

Answer 49

false- also receives input from temporal cortex

Question 50

the orbitofrontal cortex (of the prefrontal cortex) has reciprocal connections with the ______ and the _______

Answer 50

limbic system and the hypothalamus

Question 51

what is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex?

Answer 51

- where emotions are consciously appreciated | - its a repository of "socially acceptable behavior"

Question 52

T/F: speech and language are a function of the dominant hemisphere

Answer 52

true

Question 53

the motor component of language is in the _____

Answer 53

frontal lobe- in Broca's area

Question 54

what artery supplies Broca's area?

Answer 54

middle cerebral area

Question 55

what happens when Broca's area is inujred?

Answer 55

Broca's expressive aphasia - jerky, halting speech with content (meaningful, but not fluid and smooth)

Question 56

T/F: the premotor area of the cortex is found posterior (dorsal) to the primary motor area

Answer 56

False- it is directly anterior (ventral)

Question 57

nerve fibers from Wernicke's receptive speech area will travel to where?

Answer 57

Broca's expressive speech area

Question 58

where do the output fibers of the superior parietal lobule go to?

Answer 58

premotor cortex