Neuro- ear anatomy & auditory system

Question 1

what are the structures of the external ear?

Answer 1

1) Pinna
2) external auditory canal
3) tympanic membrane

Question 2

the middle ear consists of the Tympanic membrane, and the middle ear cavity which holds the ______

Answer 2

ossicles

Question 3

name the ossicles

Answer 3

Malleus
incus
stapes

Question 4

the tensor tympani muscle attaches to which ossicle?

Answer 4

Malleus

Question 5

what nerve innervates the tensor tympani muscle?

Answer 5

CN 5 (trigeminal)

Question 6

which muscle attaches to the stapes?

Answer 6

stapedius muscle

Question 7

the stapedius muscle is innervated by what?

Answer 7

CN 7 (facial nerve)

Question 8

the inner ear consists of 2 ______

Answer 8

labyrinths

Question 9

which inner ear labyrinth is located in the temporal bone?

Answer 9

osseous labyrinth

Question 10

the membranous labyrinth contains ___________ of the ear

Answer 10

neuroepithelium

Question 11

the cochlear duct and organ of corti are located where?

Answer 11

in the membranous labyrinth

Question 12

the vestibular labyrinth is involved with sensing ______

Answer 12

balance

Question 13

the osseous labyrinth is found in the ______ portion of the temporal bone

Answer 13

petrous

Question 14

the osseous labyrinth is filled with what fluid?

Answer 14

perilymph

Question 15

the membranous labyrinth consists of ducts and chambers filled with ______

Answer 15

endolymph

Question 16

the membranous labyrinth contains the sensory ______ of the inner ear

Answer 16

neuroepithelium

Question 17

the membranous portion of the cochlear division of the inner ear consists of the ____ ____

Answer 17

scala media

Question 18

what is another name for the scala media?

Answer 18

cochlear duct

Question 19

what are the 3 ducts of the cochlea?

Answer 19

1) Scala media (cochlear duct)
2) Scala tympani
3) Scala vestibuli

Question 20

the scala media is part of the _______ labyrinth

Answer 20

membranous

Question 21

the scala vestibule is part of the ______ labyrinth

Answer 21

osseous (bony) labyrinth

Question 22

the Footplate of the stapes is the ________

Answer 22

oval window

Question 23

the scala ____ is filled with endolymph

Answer 23

scala media

Question 24

which structures are filled with perilymph?

Answer 24

1) Scala Vestibuli

2) Scala Tympani

Question 25

the auditory duct starts at the oval window and ends at the ______ window

Answer 25

round

Question 26

the organ of corti is also known as what?

Answer 26

the spiral organ

Question 27

what separates the scala vestibuli from the scala media?

Answer 27

Vestibular (reissner's) membrane

Question 28

the scala media is bounded by the vestibular and basilar membranes. this cavity is filled with ______

Answer 28

endolymph

Question 29

where is the organ of corti found?

Answer 29

inside the scala media

Question 30

what structure lies directly above the hair cells in the organ of corti?

Answer 30

tectorial membrane

Question 31

hair cells of the organ of corti are in contact with ___________ nerves

Answer 31

statoacoustic nerves

Question 32

which cranial nerve projects statoacoustic nerves into the organ of corti?

Answer 32

CN 8

Question 33

the basilar membrane separates which 2 cochlear chambers?

Answer 33

scala tympani from the scala scala media

Question 34

what are the 2 auditory streams

Answer 34

the "what" and the "where"

Question 35

the "what" auditory stream is involved with what form of processing?

Answer 35

language processing

Question 36

which cochlear nucleus is involved with the "what" auditory system?

Answer 36

dorsal cochlear nucleus

Question 37

the "where" auditory stream is involved with what aspect of sound stimuli

Answer 37

location of sound

Question 38

the "where" auditory stream is involved with which cochlear nucleus?

Answer 38

ventral cochlear nucleus

Question 39

which nuclei are involved with the flow of information from the ventral cochlear nucleus?

Answer 39

1) superior olivary nucleus | 2) nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

Question 40

most of the output neurons from the ventral cochlear nucleus project to where?

Answer 40

superior olivary nucleus

Question 41

the superior olivary complex is involved with sound ______

Answer 41

location

Question 42

what factors allow the superior olivary complex to detect sound location?

Answer 42

1) time delay between ears | 2) intensity differences of sound

Question 43

the superior olivary complex uses the ________ system

Answer 43

olivocochlear system

Question 44

what is the termination of the olivocochlear system?

Answer 44

outer hair cells of cochlea

Question 45

the olivocochlear system's function is to:

Answer 45

A) protect from loud sounds B) suppress constant background noise plays a role in postnatal hearing development

Question 46

from the spiral ganglion and statoacoustic nerves (of CN 8), the nerves travel where?

Answer 46

to the cochlear nuclei

Question 47

what type of nerve fibers exit the cochlear nuclei?

Answer 47

crossing, second order, auditory fibers

Question 48

fibers from the cochlear nuclei ascend ______ and ______

Answer 48

ipsilateral and contralateral

Question 49

fibers of the cochlear nuclei travel through the __________ to reach the inferior colliculus

Answer 49

Lateral lemniscus

Question 50

after passing through the lateral lemniscus, where do nerve fibers terminate?

Answer 50

the inferior colliculus

Question 51

nerve fibers from the inferior colliculus travel where?

Answer 51

A) medial geniculate body | then to the primary auditory cortex

Question 52

Where is the medial geniculate body found?

Answer 52

the thalamus

Question 53

the "what" auditory stream projects from the primary temporal gyrus in a ventral direction to where?

Answer 53

superior and middle temporal gyri | language processing

Question 54

the "where" auditory stream projects dorsally to what part of the cortex?

Answer 54

superior parietal lobule **plans motor response to stimuli location

Question 55

nerve fibers traveling from the inferior colliculus to the superior colliculus are responsible for what? which auditory stream are they from?

Answer 55

from the "where" auditory stream give reflex response to sound stimuli

Question 56

what areas of the temporal lobe are involved with "what" auditory processing?

Answer 56

superior & middle temporal gyrus

Question 57

what specific gyrus contains the primary auditory gyrus?

Answer 57

Helschl's gyrus | Brodmann's area 41

Question 58

where in the cortex does word processing occur?

Answer 58

Anterior Superior temporal gyrus

Question 59

where does sentence processing occur in the cortex?

Answer 59

Posterior Superior temporal gyrus

Question 60

which gyrus of the cortex is responsible for planning motor function based on sound?

Answer 60

superior parietal lobule

Question 61

which structure is responsible for generating reflexes based on sound?

Answer 61

superior colliculus

Question 62

the superior olivary complex is responsible for what 2 functions?

Answer 62

1) sound location | 2) olivocochlear system (protect ear from loud noises)