Neuro02-02

Question 1

(1)

(Chronic Salt Intoxication)

1. a cascade of pathologic changes follow a sudden imbalance bewteen what and what?

brain beomes what relative to plasma?

2. The result is what?

which does what?

resulting in what?

3. seen most commonly in what animals?
4. in pigs, what may be seen in early stages?

Answer 1

1. brain osmolality (astrocyte regulated) and plasma osmolality (kidney regulated)

hyperosmolar

2. CNS edema and brain swelling

impededes circulation

cerebrocortical laminar edema, neuronal necrosis, and malacia

3. pigs and bovine
4. eosionophilic infiltrates in the meninges and around cerebral vessels

Question 2

(2)

(Focal Symmetrical Encephalomalacia)

1. Enteric overgrowth of specific pathogenic bacterial species results in what?

induces what?

in the brain, this _vasogenic edem_a, complimented by a cytotoxic component - causes what?

2. Offending microbes and their toxins…

what two (+ what they cause) - look at pic

3. What is the sequence of events - look at pic

Answer 2

1. absorption and systemic dissemination of toxins

widespread vascular damage

symmetric malacia

Question 3

(3)

(HEavy Metal Toxicity)

(lead poisoning)

1. discarded batteres and lead-based paints
2. occurs esp in young - why?
3. what animal particularly susc?

(Mercury Poisoning)

1. occurs when seed grain treated with what is consumed?
2. what animals are most frequently affected?

Answer 3

2. propensity to lick
3. calves
4. alkylmercury compounds
5. swine/cattle

Question 4

(04)

(Moldy Corn Poisoning)

1. what occurs following prolonged ingestion of Fumonisi B1?
2. Toxin produced by what bac?
3. which animal most susc?
4. fungus freq found in assoc w/ what?
5. the malacia is secondary to what produced by toxin?
6. vascular damage may also result in hemorrhage sometimes observed in the periphery of the malacic foci.

Answer 4

1. Widespread multifocal cerebral white matter malacia (leukoencephalomalacia)
2. Fusarium verticilliosies (F. moniliforme), F. proliferatum
3. horse
4. moist corn
5. pronounced vasogenic edema

Question 5

(05)

Answer 5

Question 6

(06)

(Lysosomal Storage Disease)

1. deficiencies in what?
2. characterized by intralysosomal accumulations of (look at pic)
3. how can you get?

Answer 6

1. specific lysosomal hydrolase deficiencies
2. inherited (autosomal recessive)

or

acquired (plant poisoning, amphophilic drogue)

Question 7

(07)

(Naturally Acquired Storage Disease)

1. What is the most important acquired storage disease in grazing livestock?

induced by what?

2. then look at pic!
3. what is the mech of act of Swainosine?

Answer 7

1. alpha-mannosidosis

the alkaloid “Swainsonine”

3. look at the picture you dumbfuck

(then there are about 10 slides of plant pictures you may want to check out….)

Question 8

(8)

Question 9

(9)

Question 10

(10)

(Prions Disease - TSE)

1. the most common feature is accumulation where of what?

Answer 10

1. accumulation of abberrant isoform of PrPc (PrPres) in the CNS

(is infectious and resistant to proteolysis)

Question 11

(11)

(TSEs)

1. what was the first TSE identified?
2. what for more than 50?
3. what for more than 30?
4. What for fewere than 20?

Answer 11

1. scrapie… for hundreds… of years…
2. transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME)

3 CWD

4. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

Question 12

(12)

(Scrapie Genetic Sensitivity Resistance)

1. codon polymorphism confers resistance or sens

which ones?

what is high resistance? high sens?

2. resistant sheep don’t develop disease - but what?

Answer 12