Neuro03-01 Flashcards
(17 cards)
(1)
(Terminology that reflects lesion distribution)
- encephalitis
- polioencephalitis
- leukoencephalitis
- myelitis
- encephalomyelitis
- meningitis
- meningoencephalitis
- choroiditis
- neuritis
- polyneuritis
- radiculoneuritis
(2)
(Types of Exudates)
(suppurative - neutrophils)
- what kind of infection?
- may accompany what?
(non-suppurative (lymphocytes +- plasma cells, histiocytes)
- what kind of infection?
- what condition?
- certain what kind of infections?
(granulomatous (focal accumulations of histiocytic cells)
- mycoses (may be what?)
- certain bacteria - like what?
- idiopathic
- bacterial
- tissue necrosis
(rarely, may see in viral (EEE))
- viral
- autoimmune (may be triggered by previous viral infection)
- protozoa/parasitic
- pyogranulomatous
2 myobacteria - and protozoa, metazoans
(3)
(Types of Exudates - cont)
(eosinophilic)
- what kind of infections?
- may represent species-specific responses to certain categories of non-infectious disease
- what in pigs?
(Fibrinous)
- reflects a severe vascular insult which may suggest what?
- parasitic
- porcine salt poisoning
- certain infectious agents (chlamydia or FIP)
(4)
(Special Terminology)
- pleocytosis = ?
- perivascular cuffs
this is a general term describing the accumulation of what where?
may be the result of what?
what are the infiltrating cells?
- migration of leukocytes (esp neutrophils) across BBB
- cells in the pervascular area of medium to small sized veins (space of Virchow - robin)
cellular efflux/influx
lymphocytes/plasma cells, eosinophils, monocytes
(5)
(Infectious Casus of CNS Inflammation)
(Routes of INfection)
- can affect what two things?
- may be of diag use
- what are the three portals of infection into the CNS?
- distrubution of lesions, progression of clinical signs
- hemotogenous (most common)
neural
direct extension from surrounding structures
(6)
(Infectious Causes of CNS inflammation)
(Routes of INfection)
(Hematogenous - most common)
- sites seeded (any/all, wherever vascular density is high and vessel caliber is small)
leptomeninges
choroid plexus, (sub)ependyma
neural parenchyma (particularly gret-white juntion)
- Agents responsible?
- bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, protozoa
(7)
(Infectious Causes of CNS INflammation - Routes of Infection)
(Neural)
- retrograde axonal transprot
see in what two viruses?
- ascending neuritis from where?
what does this?
- rabies, human herpesvirus-1
- oral cavity
listeriosis
(8)
(Infectious Causes of CNS INflammation - Routes of Infection)
(Direct Extension from surrounding structures)
1-2. what two (+ example that uses eatch?
- nasal turbinates - cryptococcis (Fe)
- extension from otitis media/interna (Actinomyces pyogenes)
(9)
(BActerial Infection)
(10)
(Suppurative Meningitis +/- choroiditis)
- secondary to what?
- generally a disease of what animals?
failure of what?
severe combined immunodeficiency - what in Ov, Bov? in all?
- Primary site of infection hard to find - hematogenous dissemination results in seeding of mutiple organs - incuding what 5?
1 generalized bacteremia (septicemia)
- young, immunocomporomised
passive transfer of colostral antibody and hypogammaglobulinemia
E. Coli, strep
- synova membranes (polyarthritis)
serosal membranes (widespread serosal petechia)
kidneys
meninges
CNS lesions
(11)
(Suppurative Meningitis +/- choroiditis)
(Lesions)
- cloudiness of what?
- when meninges are grossly altered by an inflammatory exudate, the process is generally what?
neutrophils in subarachnoid space may extend along the space of Virchow-Robbins
bacteria are where?
exudate may be microbiologically sterile (organisms may be eliminated leaving an exudate which is slow to reabsorb and which may still kill the animal)
- Secondary change (complication)
brain swelling and edema
read pic…
- the meninges (esp dependent portions)
- suppurative
free or within neutrophils
(12)
(Meningoencephalitis)
- similar pathogenesis as what?
- although seeding of CNS structures is by what?
in Ov?
in Eq?
In Bo?
- primary site of infection may be more readily defined - like what?
- Extension to involve the brain is faciliated by what?
1. meningitis
- bacterial emboli (increased particle size!!!)
pasteurella
actinobacillus
choliforms and histophilus (haemophilus)
- omphalophlebitis
bronchopneumonia
- capillary embolization/venous thrombosis
(13)
(Abscess Formation)
- Hematogenous seeding - often associated with what?
thromboemboli from what?
what bac?
- Arterial embolization at the cerebral grey-white junction and thalamus results in what?
- Infection does not spread beyond what?
and that tissue is walled off by what?
- What may represent a sequel to bacterial meningoencephalitis?
- larger septic emboli
an endocarditis
strep (all species)
- infarction
- the devitalized tissue
fibrillary astrocytosis.
- Meningeal abscessation
(14)
(Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis)
- a bacterial disease of cattle caused by what?
in which lcation in the vessels of the CNS results in what?
Lesions of other organ systems are identified concurrently, particularly what?
- Infection of endo causes what?
bacteria may be demonstrated withing macrophages
multiple systems may be affected
- look at pic
- Histophilus Somni
multifocal vasculitis, thrombosis, and malacia
the resp tract
- a fibrinonecrotic vasculuitis with secondary thrombosis
(15)
(Listeriosis)
- Listeria monocytogenes is a short G(+) rod associated with one of three disease syndromes
1-3 what be they?
(Pathogeneis of encephalitis)
- what permits growth overgrowth of the organism?
- The agent enters what?
access provided by what?
- Ascension to the brainstem occurs where an encephalitis develops - localized between what?
- abortion (infection of the pregnant uterus)
- septicemia (neonatal infection)
- encephalitis (ruminant, swine, horses)
- Inadequate fermentation of silage
- rami of the trigeminal nerve
defects in buccal mucosa, mucosal defects around erupting teeth, thrugh exposed dental pulp, (conjuctive), (nasal mucosa)
- the oculomotor nuclei and the spinal cord
(16)
(Listeriosis)
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