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004 - path (test III) > Repro06 > Flashcards

Repro06 Flashcards

1
Q

(01)

(Epidymis)

(Spermatocyst (spermatocele))

  1. cystic dilation of epididymal duct

accumulation of what in duct?

etiology?

  1. By itself not important but sperm leaks out of duct into surrounding tissue acting as foreign body causing what?
A
  1. sperm

congenital deformity, acquired occlustion from trauma and onset of spermatogenesis

  1. inflammation (spermatic granuloma)
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2
Q

(2)

(Epididymitis)

  1. co exist with what?
  2. canine distemper and brucella ovis
  3. 90% of lesions where?
  4. low-grade inflammatory resonse - what is destroyted?
  5. sperm leaks out leading to what?
A
  1. orchitis
  2. tail of epididymis
  3. tubular epi
  4. spermatic granuloma
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3
Q

(3)

(Epididymitis)

  1. tail how much bigger?
  2. Testicular degeneration secondary to what?
  3. Cx?
  4. What infection in dogs produces chronic epididymitis?
A
  1. 4-5 times normal size
  2. sperm stasis
  3. flock infertitily, palpable lesions in ram
  4. Brucella canis
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4
Q

(04)

(Spermatic Cord)

(Inflammation - funiculitis)

  1. often follows what?

Excessive granulation from tissue infection leads to what?

common in what?

infection by what?

A
  1. open catstration

“scirrhous” cord (a firm or hard spermatic cord caused by extensive scarring)

pigs

Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp.

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5
Q

(05)

(Spermatic Cord)

  1. what infection in geldings?

Term for pyogranulomatous inflammation caused by Staphyloccocus aureus is what?

  1. Verminous granulomas in spermatic cord of horses may be caused by what?
A
  1. staph

botryomycosis

  1. strongyle larva migration
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6
Q

(6)

(seminal vesicles)

(inflammation)

  1. seminal vesiculitis - bulls

most common in what?

most common cause used to be what?

  1. If inflammation is suppurative, bacteria is usually what?
A
  1. beef breeds

brucella abortus

  1. Arcanobacterium pyogenes

(Pseudomonas, E.coli, and Streptococcus also have been incriminated)

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7
Q

(7)

(Prostate Gland)

(genearal)

  1. primarily in what?
  2. also in boars and bulls with what?

(Atrophy)

  1. due to what?
A
  1. dogs
  2. brucelllosis
  3. senility, castration

(Becomes firm due to replacement of smooth muscle by fibrous connective tissue)

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8
Q

(8)

(Prostate Gland)

(Hyperplasia)

  1. common and important entity in what?
  2. most affected?
  3. what % of intact male dogs over 5 years of age have some degree of prostatic hyperplasia?
A
  1. dogs
  2. male 4-5 yrs
  3. 60%
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9
Q

(9)

(Prostatic Hyperplasia)

(Cx)

  1. how common in constipation?
  2. how common in difficulty in urination?

why?

A
  1. common (due to rectal pressure caused by the enlarged gland)
  2. far less common (unlike in man)

No compression of urethra in the dog

(Slight pressure on bladder wall by palpation will cause urination)

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10
Q

(10)

(Prostatic Hyperplasia)

1 If the gland is very large, the urinary bladder is pulled where?

causes what?

  1. Secondary urinary infections occur due to what?
A
  1. anterior into the abdonminal cavity

stretching of urethra and narrowing of the lumen

  1. urinary retention
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11
Q

(11)

(Prostatic Hyperplasia)

(etiology)

  1. hormonal imbalance - does it occur in castrated dogs?
  2. what cures?
  3. Estrogen

what tumor of dogs?

Castrated male sheep get prostatic hyperplasia when on subterranean clover containing estrogen. Also can be seen with excessive estrogen-like compounds in feed

A
  1. never
  2. castration
  3. sertoli
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12
Q

(12)

(Prostatic Hyperplasia)

(Gross findings)

  1. enlargement of gland (on rectal palpation)
  2. Palpation - soft and fluctuant mass with fluctuant cyst

(micro appearance)

A
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13
Q

(13)

(Prostatitis)

(Sequela to hyperplasia in old dog)

(etiology - dog)

  1. UTI - with what?
  2. fluid in what becomes inflamed?
  3. type of inflammation (acute - diffuse - suppurative - leads to abscesses))
  4. bulls and boards with what?
  5. what infection of dog?
A
  1. proteus, E. coli, strep, staph
  2. hyperplastic cyst
  3. brucellosis
  4. Brucella Canis
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14
Q

(14)

(Prostatic Neoplasia)

  1. Relationship of hyperplasia to neoplasia being investigated
  2. how common vs hyperplasia in dog?
A
  1. not as common
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15
Q

(15)

(Prostatic Neoplasia)

(gross)

  1. usually uni or bi?
  2. extremely firm on rectal palpation - why?
  3. metastasize?

to bones?

to other organs?

A
  1. uni (+ loss of lobulation)
  2. contaion much fibrous CT (scirrhous carcinoma)
  3. yes - to regional (inguinal) lymph nodes

no (does in man)

can (brain)

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16
Q

(16)

(Penis and prepuce)

(Ventral frenulum)

  1. def?
  2. should do what at puberty?
  3. Sometimes does not separate. Persistent frenulum causes what upon attempted mating?
A
  1. A fibrous connective tissue attachment of the glans penis to the ventral aspect of the prepuce
  2. separate normally
  3. ventral deviation of penis
17
Q

(17)

(Prolapsed Prepuce - Cattle)

(beef breeds)

  1. Pendulous prepuce turns inside out exposing what?
  2. prone to injury/infection
A
  1. mucosal surface to outside

(Inadequate muscle arrangements in prepuce)

18
Q

(18)

(Rupture of Penis)

(young bull)

  1. trauma - bull being used to breed at too early an age
  2. rupture of what?
A
  1. tunics (severe bleeding of corpus cavernosum leading to hematoma into the surrounding tunics)
19
Q

(19)

(Rupture of Penis)

  1. Hematoma observed dorsal to what?

anterior to what?

  1. Hematoma sometimes becomes infected resulting in what?
  2. Severe adhesions may develop causing what?
A
  1. penis

scrotum

  1. abscessation
  2. deviations of the penis
20
Q

(20)

(Inflammation of Penis)

  1. Inflammation of glans and prepuce together = ?
  2. balanitis = ?
  3. posthitis = ?
  4. traumatic injury - acute inflammation

Important because it heals with stenosis of prepuce

what is phymosis?

what is paraphimosis?

  1. sequela?
A
  1. balanoposthitis
  2. inflammation of glans
  3. inflammation of the prepuce
  4. penis cannot protrude through stenotic prepuce

protruding penis cannot retract from stenotic prepuce

  1. adhesions
21
Q

(21)

(Inflammation of Penis)

(Chornic inflammation)

  1. old dogs - what dripping from prepuce due to chronic inflammation?
  2. what develop under mucosa in response to chronic inflammation?
  3. Difficult to treat, owners usually reluctant to treat.
A
  1. copious purulent exudate
  2. Lymphocytic nodules
22
Q

(22)

(Inflammation of Penis)

(Campylobacter fetus and Trichomonas infection of bulls – venereal disease)

  1. bac live where?

spread how?

  1. causes what?
  2. Crypts of bull’s penis develop at what age?
  3. No gross or histologic lesions
A
  1. crpyts of penis

by breeding

2 early abortions/infertility

  1. 5-6 years of age
23
Q

(23)

(Inflammation of Penis)

(Ulcerative posthitis of sheep)

  1. wether = ?
  2. what collects in prepuce?
A
  1. poorly developed prepuce
  2. Urine

(Bacteria break down urine to urea, and then ammonia leading to a pH elevation that is very irritating)

24
Q

(24)

(Inflammation of Penis)

  1. what viruses cause in bulls?
A
  1. Herpes infection of bulls - IBR virus (infectious pustular vulvovaginitis), bovine herpes virus type 1
25
Q

(25)

(Penile Tumors)

(bull)

(Transmissible fibropapilloma - cauliflower- like growth)

  1. etiology?
  2. what age bulls?
  3. Can be transmitted to cow causing what?
A

1 virus -

  1. young (1-2)
  2. vaginal fibropapilloma
26
Q

(26)

(Penile tumors)

(Horse)

(Squamous cell Carcinoma)

  1. invasive?
  2. metastasize?
  3. Can be confused with what?
A
  1. locally
  2. yes - to local LN
  3. granulation tissue from injury
27
Q

(27)

(Penile Tumors - Canine)

(transmissible venereal tumor)

  1. spread how (sex wise)?
  2. transmitted how?

(preputial tumors)

1-3. what three?

A
  1. Spread to female or from female to male
  2. Transmitted by transfer of tumor cells (is not caused by a virus)
  3. – Melanoma

– Mast cell tumor
– Perianal gland adenoma

004 - path (test III) (13 decks)

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