Repro06

Question 1

(01)

(Epidymis)

(Spermatocyst (spermatocele))

1. cystic dilation of epididymal duct

accumulation of what in duct?

etiology?

2. By itself not important but sperm leaks out of duct into surrounding tissue acting as foreign body causing what?

Answer 1

1. sperm

congenital deformity, acquired occlustion from trauma and onset of spermatogenesis

2. inflammation (spermatic granuloma)

Question 2

(2)

(Epididymitis)

1. co exist with what?
2. canine distemper and brucella ovis
3. 90% of lesions where?
4. low-grade inflammatory resonse - what is destroyted?
5. sperm leaks out leading to what?

Answer 2

1. orchitis
2. tail of epididymis
3. tubular epi
4. spermatic granuloma

Question 3

(3)

(Epididymitis)

1. tail how much bigger?
2. Testicular degeneration secondary to what?
3. Cx?
4. What infection in dogs produces chronic epididymitis?

Answer 3

1. 4-5 times normal size
2. sperm stasis
3. flock infertitily, palpable lesions in ram
4. Brucella canis

Question 4

(04)

(Spermatic Cord)

(Inflammation - funiculitis)

1. often follows what?

Excessive granulation from tissue infection leads to what?

common in what?

infection by what?

Answer 4

1. open catstration

“scirrhous” cord (a firm or hard spermatic cord caused by extensive scarring)

pigs

Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp.

Question 5

(05)

(Spermatic Cord)

1. what infection in geldings?

Term for pyogranulomatous inflammation caused by Staphyloccocus aureus is what?

2. Verminous granulomas in spermatic cord of horses may be caused by what?

Answer 5

1. staph

botryomycosis

2. strongyle larva migration

Question 6

(6)

(seminal vesicles)

(inflammation)

1. seminal vesiculitis - bulls

most common in what?

most common cause used to be what?

2. If inflammation is suppurative, bacteria is usually what?

Answer 6

1. beef breeds

brucella abortus

2. Arcanobacterium pyogenes

(Pseudomonas, E.coli, and Streptococcus also have been incriminated)

Question 7

(7)

(Prostate Gland)

(genearal)

1. primarily in what?
2. also in boars and bulls with what?

(Atrophy)

3. due to what?

Answer 7

1. dogs
2. brucelllosis
3. senility, castration

(Becomes firm due to replacement of smooth muscle by fibrous connective tissue)

Question 8

(8)

(Prostate Gland)

(Hyperplasia)

1. common and important entity in what?
2. most affected?
3. what % of intact male dogs over 5 years of age have some degree of prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 8

1. dogs
2. male 4-5 yrs
3. 60%

Question 9

(9)

(Prostatic Hyperplasia)

(Cx)

1. how common in constipation?
2. how common in difficulty in urination?

why?

Answer 9

1. common (due to rectal pressure caused by the enlarged gland)
2. far less common (unlike in man)

No compression of urethra in the dog

(Slight pressure on bladder wall by palpation will cause urination)

Question 10

(10)

(Prostatic Hyperplasia)

1 If the gland is very large, the urinary bladder is pulled where?

causes what?

2. Secondary urinary infections occur due to what?

Answer 10

1. anterior into the abdonminal cavity

stretching of urethra and narrowing of the lumen

2. urinary retention

Question 11

(11)

(Prostatic Hyperplasia)

(etiology)

1. hormonal imbalance - does it occur in castrated dogs?
2. what cures?
3. Estrogen

what tumor of dogs?

Castrated male sheep get prostatic hyperplasia when on subterranean clover containing estrogen. Also can be seen with excessive estrogen-like compounds in feed

Answer 11

1. never
2. castration
3. sertoli

Question 12

(12)

(Prostatic Hyperplasia)

(Gross findings)

1. enlargement of gland (on rectal palpation)
2. Palpation - soft and fluctuant mass with fluctuant cyst

(micro appearance)

Answer 12

Question 13

(13)

(Prostatitis)

(Sequela to hyperplasia in old dog)

(etiology - dog)

1. UTI - with what?
2. fluid in what becomes inflamed?
3. type of inflammation (acute - diffuse - suppurative - leads to abscesses))
4. bulls and boards with what?
5. what infection of dog?

Answer 13

1. proteus, E. coli, strep, staph
2. hyperplastic cyst
3. brucellosis
4. Brucella Canis

Question 14

(14)

(Prostatic Neoplasia)

1. Relationship of hyperplasia to neoplasia being investigated
2. how common vs hyperplasia in dog?

Answer 14

2. not as common

Question 15

(15)

(Prostatic Neoplasia)

(gross)

1. usually uni or bi?
2. extremely firm on rectal palpation - why?
3. metastasize?

to bones?

to other organs?

Answer 15

1. uni (+ loss of lobulation)
2. contaion much fibrous CT (scirrhous carcinoma)
3. yes - to regional (inguinal) lymph nodes

no (does in man)

can (brain)

Question 16

(16)

(Penis and prepuce)

(Ventral frenulum)

1. def?
2. should do what at puberty?
3. Sometimes does not separate. Persistent frenulum causes what upon attempted mating?

Answer 16

1. A fibrous connective tissue attachment of the glans penis to the ventral aspect of the prepuce
2. separate normally
3. ventral deviation of penis

Question 17

(17)

(Prolapsed Prepuce - Cattle)

(beef breeds)

1. Pendulous prepuce turns inside out exposing what?
2. prone to injury/infection

Answer 17

1. mucosal surface to outside

(Inadequate muscle arrangements in prepuce)

Question 18

(18)

(Rupture of Penis)

(young bull)

1. trauma - bull being used to breed at too early an age
2. rupture of what?

Answer 18

2. tunics (severe bleeding of corpus cavernosum leading to hematoma into the surrounding tunics)

Question 19

(19)

(Rupture of Penis)

1. Hematoma observed dorsal to what?

anterior to what?

2. Hematoma sometimes becomes infected resulting in what?
3. Severe adhesions may develop causing what?

Answer 19

1. penis

scrotum

2. abscessation
3. deviations of the penis

Question 20

(20)

(Inflammation of Penis)

1. Inflammation of glans and prepuce together = ?
2. balanitis = ?
3. posthitis = ?
4. traumatic injury - acute inflammation

Important because it heals with stenosis of prepuce

what is phymosis?

what is paraphimosis?

5. sequela?

Answer 20

1. balanoposthitis
2. inflammation of glans
3. inflammation of the prepuce
4. penis cannot protrude through stenotic prepuce

protruding penis cannot retract from stenotic prepuce

5. adhesions

Question 21

(21)

(Inflammation of Penis)

(Chornic inflammation)

1. old dogs - what dripping from prepuce due to chronic inflammation?
2. what develop under mucosa in response to chronic inflammation?
3. Difficult to treat, owners usually reluctant to treat.

Answer 21

1. copious purulent exudate
2. Lymphocytic nodules

Question 22

(22)

(Inflammation of Penis)

(Campylobacter fetus and Trichomonas infection of bulls – venereal disease)

1. bac live where?

spread how?

2. causes what?
3. Crypts of bull’s penis develop at what age?
4. No gross or histologic lesions

Answer 22

1. crpyts of penis

by breeding

2 early abortions/infertility

3. 5-6 years of age

Question 23

(23)

(Inflammation of Penis)

(Ulcerative posthitis of sheep)

1. wether = ?
2. what collects in prepuce?

Answer 23

1. poorly developed prepuce
2. Urine

(Bacteria break down urine to urea, and then ammonia leading to a pH elevation that is very irritating)

Question 24

(24)

(Inflammation of Penis)

1. what viruses cause in bulls?

Answer 24

1. Herpes infection of bulls - IBR virus (infectious pustular vulvovaginitis), bovine herpes virus type 1

Question 25

(25) (Penile Tumors) (bull) (Transmissible fibropapilloma - cauliflower- like growth) 1. etiology? 2. what age bulls? 3. Can be transmitted to cow causing what?

Answer 25

1 virus - 2. young (1-2) 3. vaginal fibropapilloma

Question 26

(26) (Penile tumors) (Horse) (Squamous cell Carcinoma) 1. invasive? 2. metastasize? 3. Can be confused with what?

Answer 26

1. locally 2. yes - to local LN 3. granulation tissue from injury

Question 27

(27) (Penile Tumors - Canine) (transmissible venereal tumor) 1. spread how (sex wise)? 2. transmitted how? (preputial tumors) 1-3. what three?

Answer 27

1. Spread to female or from female to male 2. Transmitted by transfer of tumor cells (is not caused by a virus) 3. – Melanoma – Mast cell tumor – Perianal gland adenoma