Repro03

Question 1

Diseases of the Pregnant Uterus

There are a bunch of pictures in this lecture so if you are feeling like a real gunner check them out

Question 2

(2)

(Early Embryonal Death)

1. poorly understood
2. what age embryo?
3. common in most species

fertilized ova degenerate, reabsorbed, or discharge at next estrus (very little left to study)

4. Clinically see prolonged time between what?

Answer 2

2. within first trimester of pregnancy
3. estrus cycles (irregular return to heat)

Question 3

(3)

(Early Embryonal Death)

(etiology)

1-4. what four causes?

Answer 3

1. embryo chromosomal abnormality
2. mild uterine infection (Campylobacter sp.)
3. Viral infection – bovine viral diarrhea virus, porcine parvovirus
4. Unknown – most common

Question 4

(4)

(Fetal Death)

1. fetus - defined as when?
2. what is abortion?
3. still birth?

Answer 4

1. later stage of development after skeletal ossification - 2nd or 3rd trimester
2. expulsion of the fetus prior to time of expected viability
3. dead fetus delivered within a time of expected viability

Question 5

(5)

(Fetal Death)

(Monotoccus animals. eg cow)

1. early fetal death = ?
2. late fetal death = ?

(Polytoccus animals (large litters) pig)

1. if all fetuses die at same time = ?
2. if a few die (others live until term and all are delivered at the same time)

Answer 5

1. incomplete resorption
2. expulsion
3. abortion
4. mummification (example: porcine parvovirus infection)

Question 6

(6)

(Fetal Mummification)

(In-utero dessication of a dead fetus)

1. often seen in what?
2. bacterial infection present?

(gross)

3. fetus looks how?
4. Cervix remains closed up to what time?
5. is there a long term adverse effect on breeding?

Answer 6

1. pigs (in bovine may be retained indefinitely)
2. no!
3. green to dark brown and leathery - membranes may be tightly adhered to fetus

4 time of expulsion

5. No

Question 7

(7)

(Fetal Maceration)

1. what is it?
2. depends on what?
3. Some of the fluid of maceration is absorbed

Answer 7

1. In utero putrefaction of a dead fetus
2. bacterial infection of low virulence - endometritis ) e.g. Campylobacter fetus & Tritrichomonas fetus infection)

Question 8

(8)

(Fetal Maceration - cont)

1. Remaining tissue expelled, e.g. bones and some fluid
2. Corpus luteum?

cervix?

3. Dystocia and incomplete abortion - vaginal flora invade what?

Answer 8

2. regressed

open

3. fetus

Question 9

(9)

(Emphysematous Fetus)

1. Dead fetus in utero has become infected by what?

Bacteria (e.g. E. coli and Clostridia) usually enters through where?

2. Usually occurs when?
3. fatal to dam?

Answer 9

1. gas forming bacteria

cervix

2. near term (dysotica - cervix open) (fetus distended with gas)
3. often

Question 10

(10)

(Adventitial Placentation)

1. what kind in ruminants?

intercotyledonary placentatino may develop when?

2. Deficiency occurs on what side of the placenta?

damage usually due to what?

Answer 10

1 cotyledonary placentation

when size and numbers or regular placentomes are insufficient

2. the dam’s endometrial side (caruncle)

infection ((metritis following former pregnancy causes reduction in number of caruncles)))

Question 11

(11)

(Adventital Placentation)

1. Compensation.. what is it?
2. placental attachments to new caruncles are insecure - result of this?

Answer 11

1. increase in size of the remaining caruncles during pregnancy. (Many fuse. New small caruncles develop between larger ones)
2. pregnancy ends in abortion or hydrallantois

Question 12

(12)

(Hydramnios - (hydrops of the amnion))

(Hydrallantois - (hydrops of the allantois))

1. what is it?
2. occurs in what animals?
3. found in what cavity?
4. what is normal situtaion?
5. hydrops = how many liters?

Answer 12

1. Accumulationofexcessivefluidandedemainthe fetal membranes combined with fetal anasarca

(anasarca is a generalized infiltration of edema fluids into subcutaneous connective tissues.)

2. cows only
3. either amnionic or allantoic cavities
4. 6-15 litters in the allantois; 3-6 liters in the amnion
5. 200-300 liters

Question 13

(13)

(Hydramnios - (hydrops of the amnion))

(Hydrallantois - (hydrops of the allantois))

1. due to what two things?
2. leads to what four things?

Answer 13

1. fetal malformation (hydramnios)

or

adventitial placentation (hydrallantois)

2. dystocia, uterine paralysis, retained placenta, and acute metritis

Question 14

(14)

(Amnionic Plaques)

1. what are they?
2. commonly mistaken for what?

Answer 14

1. focalareasofsquamous metaplasia on the internal surface of the amnion and on the umbilical stump
2. placental lesions (Amniotic plaques are found in the normal placenta…do not mistake for a lesion)

Question 15

(15)

(Serosal Cysts)

1. Thin fluid filled cysts several mm to several cm in diameter on the serosal surface of the uterus

seen in what animals?

Retention cyst from pinched off segments of serosal epithelium. Occurs during involution of what?

Often are a curiosity found when spaying a dog

Answer 15

1. postpartum bitch or cow

a postpartum uterus

Question 16

(16)

(Abortion)

Answer 16

sorry - don’t really know how to ask question about this

there are a TON OF PICTURES (maybe 10) after this slide

Question 17

(17)

(Mycotic Abortion)

1. see what in placenta?
2. in skin?
3. in lung?

Answer 17

1. severely thickened and necrotic placental membranes - both placentitis and placental necrosis
2. focal dermatitis
3. bronchopneumonia

Question 18

(18)

(Viral Abortion)

(Liver - multifocal necrosis)

(viral causes)

1. in cattle?
2. equine?
3. swine?

Answer 18

1. infectious bovine rhinotrachetis (IBR) abortion
2. equine rhinopneumonitis virus
3. pseudorabies virus

Question 19

(19)

(Viral Abortion)

1. • Important Note: a herpes virus causes each of the aforementioned viral diseases!!) Start looking for patterns of disease caused by infectious agents in the same family
2. Early embryonal death

in pigs?

in cows?

Answer 19

2. porcine parvovirus

bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus

Question 20

(20)

(Viral Abortion)

1. embryonal developmental arrests - cerebellar hypoplasia

due to what?

Answer 20

1. BVS, hog cholera, feline panluekopenia

Question 21

(21)

(Protozoal Abortion)

1-2. examples?

Answer 21

1. toxoplasmosis of sheep
2. neospora - cattle, dog

Question 22

(22)

(Protozoal Abortion)

(lesions)

yep