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004 - path (test III) > Repro01 > Flashcards

Repro01 Flashcards

(24 cards)

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1
Q

(1)

A
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2
Q

(2)

A
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3
Q

(3)

(Hermaphrodite - intersex)

(occurs in all species - common in none)

  1. what is it?
A
  1. internal repro organs and gonads of both sexes

(one ovary and one testis)

(two ovotestes)

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4
Q

(4)

(Pseudohermaphrodite)

  1. both gonads are what?
  2. classified based on what?
  3. accessory organs modified to what?
  4. common in what animal?

how do they get?

what is common presentation?

A
  1. either ovary or testes
  2. gonad type
  3. the opposite sex
  4. pigs

hereditary

male testis with external female tract (vagina & enlarged clitoris or vestibular penis)

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5
Q

(Freemartin)

  1. female calf twin w/ male
  2. twinning occurs in what % of preg?

dizygotic in most cases…

are they typically sterile?

how common in goat/sheep?

A
  1. 1-2%

yes

uncommon

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6
Q

(6)

(Freemartin)

(Pathogenesis)

  1. fusion of what?
  2. transfer of what between fetuses?
  3. Gene products from male induce formation of what structures ovaries of female twin?
  4. What chromosomes are present in the cells of a free martin calf (lymphocytes & RBC)?
A
  1. placental circulation (anastomosis)
  2. embryonic hematopoietic cells (chimera)
  3. Sertoli cells and seminiferous cordlike structures
  4. both X and Y
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7
Q

(7)

(Freemartin)

(Gross Features)

  1. gonad thin cord-like structure - varies from ovary to testis (including ovotestis)
  2. uterus - can present how?
  3. is there communication of uterus and vagina?
  4. what is the key diagnostic feature?
  5. how is vagina effected?
  6. clitoris?
A
  1. a cord to well developed uterine horn
  2. no
  3. vestigial seminal vesicles
  4. hypoplastic vagina (shortened - under 3 inches long)
  5. enlarged
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8
Q

(8)

(Ovaries)

(Hemorrhage)

  1. “normal”: spontaneous rupture of follicle causes mild hemorrhage that sometimes produces what?

can be severe in what? when? hemorrhage into what?

(Iatrogenic)

  1. manual expression of corpus luteum by means of rectal palpation - how bad is bleeding?
A
  1. adhesions

mare, beginning of fall (seasonal anestrus), anovulatory follicles

  1. can be severe
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9
Q

(9)

(Ovarian Cysts)

(Paraovarian Cysts)

  1. cystic structures located around what?

are remnants of what?

(cystic rete)

  1. develop from what?

present in what region?

A
  1. the ovaries (found while spaying dogs - some are fluid filled up to 2 cm diameter)

persistent mesonephric ducts

  1. mesonephric ducts

hilar region (helpful for diagnosis)

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10
Q

(10)

(Anovulatory follicular cysts)

  1. definition?

cause?

occurs when?

etiology?

  1. are these functional?

majority of cows with follicular cysts are in what stage?

A
  1. large fluid filled cysts on ovary

failure of mature follicle to ovulate (inadequate release of LH)

postpartum in heavy producing mature dairy cows in winter

unknown (maybe intrauterine infection)

  1. some are

(estrogen produced - prolonged estrogenism)

(cow in constant heat - myphomania)

anestrus

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11
Q

(11)

Gross Appearance of Follicular cysts

(ovary)

  1. large, thin walled, fluid filled cyst one inch or more in diameter (> 2.5 cm).

ovum present?

single or mutliple?

how many ovaries affected?

(vulva)

  1. enlarged and edematous

increased secretion of what?

A
  1. no

either

one or both

  1. mucus

(mounting - cow in constant heat)

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12
Q

(12)

(Luteinized Cyst)

  1. caused by what?

does ovulation occur?

what undergoes partial luteinization?

  1. Fluid filled cyst with luteal tissue around periphery

lack what?

distinguishe from cystic corpora lutea how?

A
  1. insufficient or delayed release of LH during estrus

no

theca

  1. ovulation papilla

cystic has ovulation papilla (so is elliptical in cross section)

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13
Q

(13)

(Luteinized Cyst - cont)

  1. some are functional and produce progesterone over and extended length of time

keeps cows from what?

not to be confused with cystic corpus luteum - which is what?

A

normal cycling (anestrus)

fluid filled cavity developing within a normal functional CL after ovulation

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14
Q

(14)

(Cystic Ovaries in other Species)

(swine - common cause of infertitily)

  1. multiple, somtimes large, follicular cysts
  2. irregular estrous cycles
  3. high incidence when what are used to regulate heat?

(mare)

  1. cysts can develop when?
  2. how functional are they?
A
  1. progesterone compounds
  2. winter anestrus
  3. usually nonfunctional
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15
Q

(15)

(Canine and Feline - Old Age)

(Follicular cyst - heat, swollen vulva, mammary hyperplasia)

  1. estrogen causes development of what?

(Retained CL)

  1. what keeps animal out of heat?
  2. Interaction of progesterone and estrogen produces what?

leading to what?

A
  1. fibroids (smooth muscle tumors in femal tubular genital tract) - fibroleiomyomas
  2. progesteone
  3. cystic endometrial hyperplasia with excessive mucus secretions

pyometra

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16
Q

(16)

(Ovarian Tumors)

(germ cell tumors)

  1. germ cell tumors are what kind of cells?

(surface epithelial tumors)

  1. from what?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. primordial cells (the earliest trace of a structure within an embryo)

(Dysgerminoma, Teratoma)

  1. ovarian surface epithelium

(cystadenomas and carcinomas)

17
Q

(17)

(General Features of Ovarian Tumors)

  1. occur in what age?
  2. bilateral in what?
  3. unilateral in what?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. old
  2. dog
  3. cow and horse
18
Q

(18)

(Tumors Derived from the Follicle)

(Granulosa/theca cell tumor)

  1. what age?
  2. what animals?
  3. uni or bi?
  4. malignant or benign?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. older
  2. cow, mare, sometimes dog
  3. uni
  4. benign
19
Q

(19)

(Functional - granulosa cell tumor)

  1. often functional - secrete what?
  2. equine may produce what?
  3. luteal cells produce what?
  4. mare: exhibit what stage?

atrophy of what?

  1. cow: prolonged what?
  2. bitch: what happens?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. estrogen
  2. testosterone
  3. progesterone
  4. anestrus, continuous estrus, or stallion-like behavior

other ovary

  1. estrus
  2. cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra
20
Q

(20)

(Tumors of Germ Cell Origin)

(Dysgerminoma)

  1. how common?
  2. what animals?
  3. arises from what?
  4. gross appearance?
  5. microscopic appearance?
  6. functional?
  7. metastastes in bitch how common?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. rare
  2. dog, cow, sow
  3. oocytes
  4. like seminoma of testis - smooth - white-soft
  5. large anaplastic cells, high mitotic index, lymphocytes within tumor parenchyma
  6. no
  7. 10-20% of cases
21
Q

(21)

(of germ cell origin?)

(Teratoma - rare)

  1. how common?
  2. single germ cell having undergone what?
  3. composed of what germ layer?
  4. well differentiated - malignant or benign?
  5. microscopically - can see what?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. rare
  2. its first meiotic division
  3. more than one (ecto, meso, endo)
  4. benign
  5. hair, neural tissue, CT, cartilage
22
Q

(22)

(Ovarian Adenomas and Carcinomas)

  1. arise from what?
  2. primarily in what animal?
  3. benign or malignant?
  4. gross findings:

bilateral rough surface

proliferate out of what?

implant on what?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. surface epithelium of ovary
  2. dogs
  3. either
  4. ovarian bursa

peritoneum

23
Q

(23)

(Ovarian Adenomas and Carcinomas)

  1. may lead to hormone productino = ?
  2. metastases plug lymphatics through the diaphragm and therefore diaphragm filled with what?
Study These Flashcards
A
  1. cystic endometrial hyperplasia
  2. fluid ascites

004 - path (test III) (13 decks)

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