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NPTE Exam > Neuromuscular: Study Set 3 > Flashcards

Neuromuscular: Study Set 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Is gray matter or white matter composed of nerves without dendrites

A

white

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2
Q

Is gray matter or white matter composed of capillaries, dendrites, glial cells, and cell bodies

A

gray

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3
Q

Is gray matter or white matter unmyelinated

A

gray

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4
Q

Is gray matter or white matter myelinated

A

white

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5
Q

Do cranial nerves and spinal nerves belong to the CNS or PNS

A

PNS

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6
Q

Spinal nerves each have an anterior root and a posterior root. What are the roles of each of these nerve roots

A

the posterior root is afferent meaning it carries sensory information to the CNS to be processed

the anterior root is efferent meaning it carries out motor information away from the CNS

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7
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS and their definitons

A
  1. sympathetic division - prepares the body for emergence response via norepinephrine neurotransmitter
  2. Parasympathetic division - conserving and restoring energy via acetylcholine neurotransmitter
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8
Q

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for a fight or flight response

A

norepinephrine

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9
Q

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for calming the body and inhibiting the fight or flight response

A

acetylcholine

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10
Q

What is the somatic nervous system composed of

A

peripheral and motor nerve fibers that are all myelinated.

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11
Q

True or False

The five senses are influenced by the ANS

A

False, SNS

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12
Q

What is the limbic system responsible for

A

controlling mood and emotions as well as processing and storage of recent memory. Olfaction, control of appetite, and emotional responses to food happen here

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13
Q

What behaviors might arise is there is a lesion in the limbic system

A

aggression, extreme fearfulness, altered sexual behavior, and changes in motivation

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14
Q

What structure in the brain relays information from ne side of the brain to the other side

A

corpus callosum

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15
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe

A

voluntary movement, speech, judgement, and reasoning. Broca’s area is in the left frontal lobe

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16
Q

Where is Broca’s area located in the brain

A

left frontal lobe

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17
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe

A

sensation of touch, vibration, and temp. Receives sensory information from other parts of the brain. Provides meaning for words and language

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18
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe

A

primary auditory and olfaction processing as well as processing other peoples emotions. Wernicke’s area in is the left temporal lobe

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19
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located in the brain

A

left temporal lobe

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20
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe

A

main center for visual information

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21
Q

Which structure of the brain is responsible for storing and retrieving memories as needed

A

hippocampus

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22
Q

Which structure of the brain is responsible for voluntary movement, posture, muscle tone, and control of motor responses

A

basal ganglia

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23
Q

Which structure of the brain is responsible for emotional and social processing as well as fear, pleasure, or arousal.

A

amygdala

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24
Q

Which structure of the brain is known at the relay center for processing sensory information and executing movement

A

thalamus

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25
Q

Which structure of the brain receives and integrates information from the ANS and assists in hunger, thirst, regulating hormones/glands, sleep, and body temperature.

A

Hypothalamus

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26
Q

The tectum and the tegmentum are the two key areas of the midbrain. Which of the two includes superior and inferior colliculi

A

tectum

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27
Q

The tectum and the tegmentum are the two key areas of the midbrain. Which of the two includes the cerebral aqueduct, periaqueductal gray, reticular formation, substantia nigra, and red nucleus

A

tegmentum

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28
Q

Which structure of the brain coordinates movement, posture, and balance

A

Cerebellum

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29
Q

True or false

An cerebellar lesion will produce ipsilateral impairments

A

true

30
Q

Which structure of the brain assists with regulation of respiration rate and is where cranial nerves five through eight originate

A

pons

31
Q

Which structure of the brain regulates HR and RR, as well as is a reflex center for vomiting, coughing, and sneezing.

A

Medulla

32
Q

True or false

A medulla oblongata lesion will produce ipsilateral impairments

A

false, contralateral

33
Q

Which structure of the brain cranial nerves nine through twelve originate

A

medulla oblongata

34
Q

Branches of which two arteries form the circle of willis

A

internal carotid and two vertebral arteries

35
Q

If damage occurs to the ACA, what deficits are expected

A

contralateral LE motor and sensory
loss of bowel and bladder
Aphasia, apraxia, agraphia
behavioral and mental changes

35
Q

If damage occurs to the MCA, what deficits are expected

A

contralateral weakness and sensory loss of face and UE more than LE.
Wernicke’s aphasia if in dom. hem.
homonymous hemianopsia
Flat affect with right hem.
impaired spatial relations
agnosia

35
Q

If damage occurs to the VBA, what deficits are expected

A

loss of consciousness
hemiplegia
comatose or locked in syndrome
inability to speak
vertigo, nystagmus, dysphagia, dysarthria, syncope

35
Q

If damage occurs to the PCA, what deficits are expected

A

contralateral pain and temp loss
contralateral hemiplegia
ataxia
thalamic pain syndrome
visual deficits
memory
alexia, dyslexia

35
Q

what is apraxia

A

difficulty initiating movement or speech

36
Q

what is agnosia

A

inability to process sensory information

37
Q

what is agraphia

A

inability to communicate through writing

38
Q

what is alexia

A

inability to read or process written words

39
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis

A

fever, headache, vomiting
stiff, painful neck and posterior thigh
Brudzinski’s sign
Kernig’s sign
sensitivity to light

40
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing meningitis

A

lumbar puncture

41
Q

at what age is the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex present

A

2 to 3 months

42
Q

What does standing posture look like in a 2-3 month old

A

poor weightbearing, flexed hips and knees, hips behind shoulders

43
Q

At what age does a child bear weight through arms while in a prone position

A

4-5 months

44
Q

at what age does a child roll from supine to on their side

A

4 to 5 months

45
Q

at what age does a child roll from supine to prone

A

six to seven months

46
Q

at what age does a child lift its head and help out when pulled ro sitting

A

six to seven months

47
Q

at what age does a child get into hands and knees

A

eight to nine months

48
Q

at what age is a child crawling

A

eight to nine months

49
Q

at what age is a child furniture walking

A

eight to nine months

50
Q

at what age can a child briefly stand unsupported but can walk with both hands held

A

ten to eleven months

51
Q

at what age does a child start to walk

A

one year to fifteen months

52
Q

at what age does a child walk upstairs with one hand held

A

sixteen months to two years

53
Q

at what age is a child kicking and throwing a ball

A

sixteen months to 2 years

54
Q

at what age is a child riding a tricycle, running, and hopping on one foot

A

two years

55
Q

at what age is a child hopping, walking, or jumping with coordination for longer distaces/time

A

3 to 4 years

56
Q

at what age does a child skip and gallop

A

5 to eight years

57
Q

What is brudzinski sign and what is it used to diagnose

A

if a PT passively flexes the neck, the hips and knees with flex in reaction due to meningitis

58
Q

What is kernig’s sign and what is used to diagnose

A

a PT will put a leg in ninety-ninety position with the pt in supine, the extend the knee. if pain is present in the head, its positive for meningitis

59
Q

does ALS effect more men or women

A

men

60
Q

ALS presents with UMN and LMN signs. What are the LMN signs that a pt might display

A

asymmetric muscle weakness, fasciculations, cramping, and atrophy within the hands

61
Q

ALS presents with UMN and LMN signs. What are the UMN signs that a pt might display

A

uncoordinated movements, spasticity, clonus, and positive Babinski

62
Q

True or false

ALS deficits go from proximal to distal

A

false, distal to proximal

63
Q

What is bell’s palsy

A

temporary unilateral facial paralysis due to demyelination to the facial nerve

64
Q

what nerve is effected in carpal tunnel

A

median nerve

65
Q

what is Friedreich’s ataxia

A

a hereditary ataxia that causes gait unsteadiness early in life and overall gradual decline

66
Q

What is the life expectancy of someone with ALS

A

2-5 years

67
Q

The position of this infant is indicative of what pediatric pathology, and what is the name of this position called

A

waiter’s tip is indicative of Erb’s palsy which is a upper brachial plexus injury that occurs during birth

68
Q
A

NPTE Exam (54 decks)

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